ISSN 0132-3547

Scientific-technical journal

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

IN OIL AND GAS COMPLEX

                                                                                                                 published since 1993

January 2015                                              ¹ 1                  12 issues per year

 

CONTENÒS

 

Solov’yanov A.A. Economical sanctions and FL ¹ 219 (p. 5-6)

 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FROM POLLUTION BY MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS

 

Svarovskaya L.I., Altunina L.K., El’chaninova E.A. Biodegradation of aromatic compounds in oil polluting the soil (p. 7-11)

 

Osipova V.P., Berberova N.T., Pimenov Yu.T. Chemical arguments of oil biogenic origin (p. 11-15)

 

PROVIDING OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY UNDER SHELF OPERATIONS

 

Baranov N.S. Risk management under Arctic shelf operations (p. 16-18)

 

Kenzhegaliev A., Sarsenov K.K., Kenzhegalieva D.A. Phytoplankton state on the Zhambai site (p. 19-22)

 

ATMOSPHERE, WATER AND SOIL PROTECTION FROM POLLUTION

 

Kustysheva I.N. Some technical decisions on the protection of land resources in oil and gas complex (p. 23-26)

 

ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL STATE IN OIL PRODUCTION REGIONS

 

Pushkareva M.V., Leibovich L.O., Chirkova A.A., Konoplev A.V. Multi-environment health risk assessment for the population living in the area of intensive oil production (p. 27-30)

 

CORROSION PREVENTION

 

Kichenko S.B., Kichenko A.B. On the methods for the prediction of GLM flow structures in pipelines of various orientation for the purpose of corrosion studies (p. 31-44)

 

GEOECOLOGICAL RISKS

 

Telyatnikov I.S. On one model of deformation processes in geophysical structures (p. 45-49)

 

Information on the articles (p. 50-56)

 

 

Information on the articles

 

ECONOMICAL SANCTIONS AND FL ¹ 219 (p. 5)

 

Àleõandår Solov’yanov,  chief editor of the magazine, PhD (Chemistry), Prof.

 

Institute of Natural Resource Economics and Environmental Policy of National Research University Higher School of Economics

 

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UDC 502.36

 

biodegradation of aromatic compÎunds

in oil polluting THE Soil (p. 7)

 

Lidiya Svarovskaya, PhD (Biology), Assistant prof.,

Lyubov’ Altunina, Dr. Sc.(Tech.), Prof.

 

FSBI of science «Institute of Petroleum Chemistry», Siberian Branch of RAS

4, Akademicheskiy prosp., Òîmsk, 634021, Russia,

tel.: +7(3822) 49-26-61,

fax: +7(3822) 49-14-57,

e-mail: sli@ipc.tsc.ru

 

Elena El’chaninova, PhD (Chemistry)

 

FSBEI HPE «National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University»

30, Lenina prosp., Tomsk , 634050, Russia,

tel.: +7(3822) 60-63-33,

fax: +7(3822) 56-38-65,

e-mail: helene@ipc.tsc.ru

 

Experimental studies on biodegradation of aromatic compounds in light oil from Vakhskoye oil field, polluting the soil at a concentration of 50 g/kg, have been carried out. The biodegradation was performed within 30 days by natural soil microflora and microflora activated with the system solution containing surfactants, nitrogen substrate and phosphates. Using chromatography-mass spectrometry method it was revealed that the maximum changes in the composition of aromatic hydrocarbons were observed in the oil which was biodegraded by the stimulated soil microflora. Mono- and biarenes were the most susceptible to biodegradation. In arenes unsubstituted homologues primarily eliminated and then methyl- and dimethyl-substituted homologues. The changes in tri- and tetraterpanes were minimal.

 

Key words: soil microflora; biodegradation; aromatic hydrocarbons in oil; nutrient substrate.

 

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UDC 54.112

 

CHEMICAL ARGUMENTS OF OIL BIOGENIC ORIGIN (p. 11)

 

Victoriya Osipova, PhD (Chemistry)

 

Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SSC RAS

41, Chekhova str., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia,

tål./fax: 8 (8512)61-41-97,

e-mail: vposipova@rambler.ru

 

Nadezhda Berberova, Dr. Sc. (Chemistry),

Yuriy Pimenov, Dr. Sc. (Chemistry)

 

FSBEI HPE «Astrakhan State Technical University» (ASTU)

16, Tatischeva str., Astrakhan, 414056, Russia,

tål./fax: 8 (8512)61-41-97,

e-mail: berberova@astu.org

 

The article provides for a brief historical background on the origin of oil. D.I. Mendeleev, I.M. Gubkin, N.A. Kudryavtsev hypotheses on the origin of oil are given and their arguments in favor of biogenic and abiotic origin of oil are stated respectively. Stages of oil formation (protocatagenesis, mesocatagenetic, apokatagenez) are shown. Data on the elemental composition and the content of the main classes of hydrocarbons in crude oil are exhibited. Besides hydrocarbons polynuclear sulphur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds are contained in oil. It is noted that the qualitative and quantitative composition of oil depend on the deposit. Different content of hydrocarbon fractions in oil and source rocks is explained by the difference in the starting materials and conditions of sedimentation. Technological classification of oil is given by the ratio of higher and lower plants residues and by group composition. The literature data on the chemical, geochemical and geological studies reveals the problem of oil origin showing that representations of oil organic genesis are the most reasonable. One of the fundamental properties characteristic of living matter and oil hydrocarbons is optical activity caused by the presence of isoprenoids, triterps and steranes in oil. Here is shown that the presence of organic compounds of biomarkers in oil helps not only to confirm the biogenic origin, but also to define new fields as well as to find out from what organic deposits oil hydrocarbons enter these fields.

 

Key words: origin of oil; organic genesis of oil; oil composition; biomarkers; classification of oil.

 

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UDC 504.05

 

RISK MANAGEMENT UNDER ARCTIC SHELF OPERATIONS (ð. 16)

 

Nikolay Baranov, PhD (Economics)

 

Public Company «Oil Company «Rosneft»

31a, Dubininskaya str., Moscow, 115051, Russia,

tel./fax: 8(499) 517-88-88, ext. 3045,

e-mail: n_baranov@rosneft.ru

 

The article describes basic risks provided by oil and gas production operations in Arctic offshore, key difficulties regarding oil spills, caused by difficult environment, methods of ecosystem approach representing a carrying attitude to bioresources. Separately best practices of Russian oil and gas companies based on corporate social responsibility principle are presented, which often involves during environment protection measures preparation not only instruments provided by local legislation, but implementation on its own initiative global best practices, as reflected, for example, in the approach of «SakhalinEnegy» company during its field operations on Sakhalin offshore. Criteria of offshore development expediency estimation together with instruments of risk management during offshore operations are suggested.

 

Key words: ecology; risk management; oil spill; Arctic shelf; hydrocarbons production; ecosystem approach to mineral wealth use; ice management.

 

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UDC 547.5; 572.1/4

 

PHYTOPLANKTON STATE ON THE ZHAMBAI SITE (p. 19)

 

Akimgali Kenzhegaliev, Dr. Sc.(Tech.), Prof.,

Kaiyrzhan Sarsenov, master’s degree,

Dinà Kenzhegalieva, master’s degree

 

Atyrau Institute of Oil and Gas

1, prosp. Azattyk, Atyrau, 060002, Kazakhstan,

tel.: 8(7122) 36-70-47,

fax: 8(7122) 35-46-54,

e-mail: akimgali_k@mail.ru, kafedra_otd@ mail.ru, dina-viva@mail.ru

 

In shallow waters of Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian shelf (the water depth is not more than 1…3 m) representing the place of ichthyofauna reproduction and fattening, the production of oil from man-made islands is being planned which may result eventually in the decrease of bentofauna quantity. Apart from this the increase of navigation will influence the number of plankton organisms. In this connection to define a background state of the hydrobionts region it is necessary before the beginning of man-made islands construction and starting drilling works.

The results of research into the first link of the food chain of aquatic ecosystems which were conducted in 2012 are considered. Their species composition, number and biomass of the main groups of phytoplankton were defined.

In the process of Zhambai structure phytoplankton studying (summer 2012) 15 species and varieties of microseaweed were found. Among them: Bacillaryaphyta – 7 species, Chlorophyta – 4 types, Cyanophyta – 3 species and Pyrrophyta – 1 species.

The total average number of spring phytoplankton reached 84,18 mln cells/m3; biomass amounted to 396,75 mg/m3.

In summer the most characteristic feature was a flash of blue-green. The basis of the phytoplankton were mostly freshwater, brackish-freshwater, brackish-water species.

By the saprobity index the quality of sea water is defined. It is found that it is rated as the III class, i. e. moderately polluted.

In general, the state of the Zhambai structure phytoplankton can be described as satisfactory.

 

Key words: shelf; eco-sensitive zone; hydrobionts; saprobic index.

 

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UDC 622.279.5(211)

 

SOME TECHNICAL DECISIONS ON THE PROTECTION

OF LAND RESOURCES IN OIL AND GAS COMPLEX (p. 23)

 

Irina Kustysheva, post-graduate student

 

The Tyumen State Architecture-Construction University

2, Lunacharskogo str., Tyumen, 625001, Russia,

tel./fax: 8(3452) 286-694,

e-mail: kustishev@tngg,info

 

At present further increase of oil and gas in Russia is connected with the fields of the Far North and the Arctic shelf. Yamal peninsular where gas well drilling is being carried out, is located in the zone of Arctic tundra. Almost all the territory is intensively bogged-up. More often in the north of the peninsula arctic mineral and peat-mineral swamps occur, in the south – flat-uneven complex swamps. Developed area of the peninsula is characterized with rigorous climate with long cold winter and cool summer. The territory is thinly populated, but is the pasture for deers and the nesting for birds of passage.

For the protection of resources of tundra zone it is necessary under the development of oil and gas fields to decrease minimally damage to the nature.

The article deals with some technical decisions aimed at the minimization of ecological damage to land resources of the territory and to the natural environment. One of the technical decisions is cluster drilling of wells that is the displacement of some wells on the multiple well platform, under which wells take up minimal territory of the tundra, and the zone of drainage may occupy maximally possible volume of the productive formation.

To increase the drainage zone it is supposed to use multi-barreled and multi-bottom wells. For the increase of the zone of the productive formation drainage it is suggested to drill a branched well in which from the main horizontal borehole some lateral branches are being drilled and both in them and in the horizontal borehole multiple hydraulic fracturing of formation is being performed. By doing this max the maximum drainage zone is achieved both by the width (by the length of lateral branches) and by the radius (by the length of all breaking fractures) under minimum pollution of the territory.

 

Key words: technical decision; land resources protection; oil and gas complex; branched well; horizontal borehole; lateral branching; formation hydraulic fracturing; environmental protection.

 

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UDC 622.323:614

 

MULTI-ENVIRONMENT HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

FOR THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE AREA

OF INTENSIVE OIL PRODUCTION (p. 27)

 

Mariya Pushkareva, Dr. Sc. (Medicine), Prof.

 

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

29, Komsomol’skiy prosp., Perm, 614990, Russia,

tel.: 8(342)291-57-06,

fax: 8(342)290-94-08,

e-mail: pushkareva@nedra.perm.ru

 

Larisa Leibovich, PhD (Tech.),

Anna Chirkova, PhD (Medicine)

 

Scientific Research Design and Production Enterprise for Nature-Conservation Activity «Nedra», Ltd. (NIPPPPD «Nedra», Ltd.)

13A, L. Shatrova str., Perm, 614064, Russia,

tel.: 8(342)291-57-06,

fax: 8(342)290-94-08,

e-mail: leibovich@nedra.perm.ru, nedra@nedra.perm.ru

 

Àleõandår Konoplev, PhD (Tech.), Assistant prof.

 

Perm State National Research University

15, Bukireva str., Perm, 614990, Russia,

tel./fax: 8 (342)239-67-06,

e-mail: kono2003@gmail.com

 

The aim of this study is to evaluate the multi-environmental health risk of the population living in conditions of intense oil production.

Assessment of population health risk is made according to the «Guidelines for the assessment of health risk when exposed to chemicals polluting environment» R.2.1.10.1920-04.

In previous studies it is established that in the areas of oil fields the oil pollution of the environment (air, natural water) occurs, which subsequently affects the population health state.

As the object of the study a town was chosen in the area of one of oil fields in the Perm region with the population of 380 people, including 105 children.

As a result of the research the authors evaluated the carcinogenic and multienvironmental non-carcinogenic risks in conditions of acute and chronic exposure.

Carcinogenic risk was calculated taking into account the presence of such carcinogens in the atmosphere as acetaldehyde, benz(a)pyrene, benzol, formaldehyde, ethylbenzol. It has been established that the risk of carcinogenic diseases is being assessed as an acceptable level for professional groups and unacceptable for the population. The main contribution to the formation of the inhalation carcinogenic risk benzol makes and to a lesser degree formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.

Assessment of multicompartment non-carcinogenic risk showed that the priority risk factor by acute exposure is benzol, the greatest hazard index is identified in point of the immune system.

The danger of formation of unacceptable chronic multicompartment risk was found in the air for benzol, aliphatic hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, and in the water – for oil products. Air and drinking water pollution creates unacceptable risks of chronic diseases of blood, liver, respiratory and central nervous system, kidneys and reproductive system.

Thus, the identified risk levels are unacceptable for the population and require measures to reduce the pollution of the environment by chemicals which make the largest contribution to the risk of population health.

 

Key words: risk factors; risk assessment; cancerogenic risk; multi-environmental non-cancerogenic risk; inhalation exposure; oral exposure.

 

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UDC 622.692.4.76:620.193/197

 

ON THE METHODS FOR THE PREDICTION OF GLM FLOW STRUCTURES

IN PIPELINES OF VARIOUS ORIENTATION FOR THE PURPOSE

OF CORROSION STUDIES (p. 31)

 

Sergey Kichenko, PhD (Tech.)

 

LUKoil Overseas Baltic Ltd. (Dubai Branch) – West Qurna-2 Project

04 – 47. Level 4. Zone C. Dubai Properties Group Headquarters building, TECOM, P.O. Box 500551, Dubai, UAE,

tel.: +971-4-350-77-26,

mob. tel.: +971-56-174-01-56,

e-mail: Sergey.Kichenko@licoil-overseas.com

 

Alexander Kichenko, PhD (Tech.)

 

«Salym Petroleum Development N.V.» Co.

65, Respubliki str., Tyumen, 625000, Russia,

tel.: +7 (3452) 566-155, ext.1931,

mob. tel.: +7 (922) 412-83-89,

e-mail: alexander.kichenko@salympetroleum.ru

 

Various GLM structures (otherwise the structure of two-phase flow) substantially affects the pipelines corrosion and hydraulics. Of great importance is the theoretical definition of GLM structures in pipelines under known parameters of the pipeline and transported in it two-phase flow.

The article deals with the description of methods for the prediction of GLM flow structures in pipelines of various orientation: from horizontal to vertical.

The formulas are presented for finding and plotting zone boundaries of GLM structures forming in pipelines under various operating conditions.

It is pointed out that when correspondence between GLM structures and corrosion damage to the pipeline is properly established, with the help of this method it is possible to predict the corrosion patterns and rates in the specific pipeline with the help of this method as well as to choose and perform the most efficient measures of corrosion prevention and therefore to assist the increase of the level of environmental protection in the oil and gas complex.

 

Key words: pipelines; pipelines corrosion; GLM structures in pipelines; relationship between corrosion and GLM structures; methods for GLM structures prediction; pipeline corrosion prediction.

 

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UDC 539.3

 

ON ONE MODEL OF DEFORMATION PROCESSES

IN GEOPHYSICAL STRUCTURES (p. 45)

 

Il’ya Telyatnikov, post-graduate student

 

FSBEI HPE «Kuban State University»

149, Stavropol’skaya str., Krasnodar, 350040, Russia,

tel.: 8(861)219-95-78,

e-mail: kmm@fpm.kubsu.ru

 

The work is devoted to the modeling of lithospheric structures contacting along straight faults interaction. Large-scale technogenic influence on lithospheric shell, including related to the selection of hydrocarbons, often aggravates seismic activity. Manifestations of induced seismicity stimulate interest in the studying of the stress-strain state of lithospheric structures. In the scale of Earth structure lithospheric plates may be regarded as the coatings of a relatively small thickness, which leads to a study of block structures interaction as separated deformable contacting plates arranged on an elastic foundation.

The problem of steady oscillations of the composite coating, as well as the problem of static interaction of two plates on elastic layer under the effect of surface load defined in a bounded domain are being considered. Components of coatings are half-planes bordering along a straight line with the average thickness parameters. The coordinate plane is associated with the middle surface of the coating. Contact between the coating and the substrate is considered to be ideal. Four boundary conditions are given by taking into account the hypothesis of straight normals in region of plate’s connection.

The eigenfunctions method and the method of factorization are used to construct the solution. Functional equations obtained during the solution are solved using the Wiener - Hopf method. Examples of the calculation of plate surface displacement amplitudes for steady-state oscillations under different conditions in their contact area are given.

If geophysical environment can be modeled by the described structure, the results of the model will allow to diagnose the presence and type of fracture, based on a vibrosource signal processing data.

 

Key words: steady-state oscillations; static interaction; two-dimensional plates; elastic substrate; factorization; method of eigenfunctions.

 

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