Environment Protection in Oil and Gas Complex

ISSN 0132-3547

Scientific-technical journal

published since 1993

February 2015 № 2 12 issues per year

CONTENТS

PROVIDING FOR ECOLOGICAL SAFETY UNDER SHELF WORKS

Nemirovskaya I.A., Redzhepova Z.Yu., Sivkov V.V. The results of research into oil pollution in the area of Kravtsovskoye field in the Baltic Sea (p. 5-15)

Osipova V.P., Berberova N.T., Pimenov Yu.T. Ways of penetration into the Caspian offshore area. Toxicity and self-cleaning mechanisms (p. 15-21)

Stepanian O.V. Chronic pollution improves the resistance of Focus vesiculosus (L.) brown algae to the effect of oil hydrocarbons (p. 22-25)

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FROM POLLUTION BY MICROBIOLOGICAL WAYS

Filatov D.A., Kopytov M.A., El’chaninova E.A., Sviridenko N.N., Kozhevnikov I.S., Altunina L.K. Processes of natural transformation of oil hydrocarbons in a model soil system (p. 26-31)

Mukhin M.M., Magadova L.A., Vasilevich V.V., Fedoseev P.O., Derkach S.R., Silin M.A. Properties of fish oils used for surfectants synthesis in petroleum industry (p. 32-37)

INFLUENCE OF OIL AND GAS COMPLEX ENTERPRISES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Avaliani S.L., Balter B.M., Balter D.B., Revich B.A., Stal’naya M.V., Faminskaya M.V. Analysis of health risk from air pollution by 15 petroleum refineries. Part I. Emissions and risks (p. 38-46)

Brezhneva I.N., Ermakova O.Yu., Podkovyrova O.N. Estimation of environmental sustainability of the Orenburg gas processing plant sanitary protection zone using soils matrix (p. 46-51)

SORPTION CLEANING OF MEDIUM FROM HARMFUL IMPURITIES

Zausalina A.V., Val’ A.V., Boyarko G.Yu. Comparative efficiency of oil and oil products sorbents used in the Tomsk region conditions (p. 51-55)

Information on the articles (p. 56-61)

Information on the articles

UDC 504.054

THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH INTO OIL POLLUTION IN THE AREA

OF KRAVTSOVSKOYE FIELD IN THE BALTIC SEA (p. 5)

Inna Nemirovskaya, Dr.Sc. (Geol. & Miner.),

Zuleikha Redzhepova

FSBI of Science «P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology», RAS – IORAS

36, Nakhimovskiy prosp., Moscow, 117997, Russia,

tel.: 8(499) 125-33-55, +7(910)450-84-60, +7(929)579-11-85,

fax: 8(499) 124-59-83,

e-mail: nemir@ocean.ru, nemir44@mail.ru, rejepowa@yandex.ru

Vadim Sivkov, PhD (Geol. & Miner.)

FSBI of Science «P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology», RAS Atlantic Branch – AB IORAS

1, Mira prosp., Kaliningrad , 236000, Russia,

tel.:8(401) 234-90-06, +7 (906) 213-52-23,

e-mail: sivkov@kaliningrad.ru

Data on the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons in aqueous suspended matter and bottom sediments in the waters of the Kravtsovskoye field in the South-Eastern part of the Baltic Sea (2008–2014) are presented. Due to the hydrophobic properties of hydrocarbons their concentrations in surface waters in suspension are comparable with the content of the suspension. On the local polygon in the area of D-6 platform the increase of hydrocarbons and suspended matter concentration (up to 35 and 3,2 mg/l, respectively) is caused by the fouling of the platform during its operation. Lower concentrations of hydrocarbons in recent years may indicate the effectiveness of measures used to prevent oil pollution.

In the bottom sediments the highest concentrations on the local polygon (as calculated on the dry weight of 480 µg/g, and in the composition of C_org – 83 %) are established in 2008. Then their concencentration decreased (on average 5 µg/g, ~ 2 % in the composition of C_org). Changeability of hydrocarbons concentrations in water and bottom sediments is responsible for their arrival from the shore and shipping. The decrease of concentrations and change of hydrocarbons composition in bottom sediments of local polygon in recent years is connected with the decline of the fluid flows from sediment section.

Key words: field; oil; pollution; hydrocarbons; alkanes; fluid flows; suspended matter; bottom sediments.

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UDC 54-112:574.24

WAYS OF OIL PENETRATION INTO THE CASPIAN OFFSHORE AREA.

TOXICITY AND SELF-CLEANING MECHANISMS (p. 15)

Victoriya Osipova, PhD (Chemistry)

Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SSC RAS

41, Chekhova prosp., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia,

tеl./fax:8(8512)61-41-97,

e-mail: vposipova@rambler.ru

Nadezhda Berberova, Dr.Sc. (Chemistry),

Yuriy Pimenov, Dr.Sc. (Chemistry)

FSBEI HPE «Astrakhan State Technical University», ASTU

16, Tatischeva, Astrakhan, 414056, Russia,

e-mail: berberova@astu.org

The article provides an overview of domestic and foreign literature about the dangers of pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons. The main factors of waters and bottom sediments pollution are presented. The article also outlines the general characteristics of the process of biological degradation of oil. Particular attention is paid to modern assessment of the degree of contamination of the waters of the Caspian Sea. It was shown the excess levels of maximum allowable concentrations of chemicals in the water with using the analyzes for the presence of oil in the bottom sediments and sea water in the Northern Caspian in 2004–2010. Discovered oil products traces in the tissues of aquatic organisms confirm the danger of ecological and toxicological stress on living objects. As this takes place it is necessary to consider the presence of other toxic substances, since the combined action increases the toxic load. The forecast of increasing the level of pollution of the Caspian Sea waters is given with regard to the current state in the field of oil exploration.

Key words: oil; toxicity; biodegradation; bacteria.

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UDC 574.632:581.1:581.526.323(268.45)

CHRONIC POLLUTION IMPROVES THE RESISTANCE

OF FUCUS VESICULOSUS (L.) BROWN ALGAE TO THE EFFECT

OF OIL HYDROCARBONS (p. 22)

Oleg Stepanian, PhD (Biology)

Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (SSC RAS)

41, Chekhova prosp., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia,

tel./fax: 8(8632)66-56-77,

e-mail: step@ssc-ras.ru

The difference in response of Fucus vesiculosus (L.) brown algae grown in polluted and unpolluted areas to crude oil and oil products emulsion impact is established. In the first case photosynthesis level rises 1,5…2,0 times, decreasing only under maximum pollution for the former group. In the second case the photosynthesis intensity decreases drastically under crude oil emulsion influence, while diesel and petrol emulsions influence leads to photosynthesis halt and respiration increase for the latter group. The experiments showed that the toxicity for Fucus vesiculosus brown algae increases from crude oil to diesel fuel and to petrol. The chronic oil pollution is shown to increase the resistance of Fucus vesiculosus brown algae to pollutants impact. The suggestion to use algae from moderately polluted areas for biofilter-plantations design was made.

Key words: Fucus vesiculosus; brown algae; pollution; oil; petroleum products; photosynthesis; respiration; growth.

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UDC 579.873.6.017.7

PROCESSES OF NATURAL TRANSFORMATION

OF OIL HYDROCARBONS IN A MODEL SOIL SYSTEM (p. 26)

Dmitriy Filatov¹, PhD (Biology),

Mikhail Kopytov¹, PhD (Chemistry),

Elena El’chaninova^1,2, PhD (Chemistry),

Nikita Sviridenko¹, post-graduate student,

Ivan Kozhevnikov¹, post-graduate student,

Lyubov’ Altunina¹, Dr. Sc.(Tech.), Prof.

¹Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of RAS

4, Akademicheskiy prosp., Tomsk, 634021, Russia,

tel.: +7(3822) 49-26-61,

fax: +7(3822) 49-14-57,

e-mail: filatov@ipc.tsc.ru

²Tomsk Polytechnic University, Institute of Natural Resources

30, Lenina prosp., Tomsk, 634050, Russia,

e-mail: helene_tom@rambler.ru

The paper presents the results of a series of experiments on the effect of viscosity oil on biochemical activity of the native soil. It was shown that in 8…9 days of the adaptation period the microorganisms are being adapted to oil hydrocarbons (HCs) and their number increased by 2,0…2,5 orders. The activity of enzymes under study increases by 3…4 times, indicating the increased oxygenase activity of the microorganisms and as a consequence intensive mineralization of hydrocarbon compounds. It was found that for 180 days of the experiment oil utilization was 78 % of the initial pollution. Method of chromatography-mass spectrometry (CMS) demonstrated that native soil microflora is capable to assimilate all hydrocarbons composing high-viscosity oil under study. Total destruction of saturated alkanes was 74 %, cyclic HCs – 91,6 %, monoaromatic HCs – 81,2 %, biaromatic – 75…100 %, triaromatic – 60…100 % and polyarenes – 25…52 %. During oil biotransformation the microorganisms were found to form surface-active substances (surfactants), which increased oil decomposition in the soil. The oxidation of hydrocarbons in the soil was due not only to the features of their chemical structure, but also due to different physical processes. A part of oil hydrocarbons of different structures (linear, cyclic and aromatic) in transformation and oxidation processes can be incorporated into the organic matter of the soil or irreversibly adsorbed on soil particles.

Key words: oil pollution; biodegradation; native soil microflora; hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms; enzymatic activity; saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons.

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UDC [621.892:665.213+544.7]:[622.24.063:622.245.422]

PROPERTIES OF FISH OILS USED FOR SURFACTANTS SYNTHESIS

IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY (p. 32)

Mikhail Mukhin, PhD (Tech.),

Lyubov’ Magadova, Dr.Sc. (Tech.),

Mikhail Silin, Dr. Sc. (Chemistry)

I.M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas

65, Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russia,

tel.: 8(499)507-88-88,

e-mail: magadova0108@himeko.ru

Vasiliy Vasilevich,

Pavel Fedoseev,

Svetlana Derkach, Dr.Sc. (Chemistry)

Murmansk State Technical University – MSTU

13, Sportivnaya str., Murmansk, 183010, Russia,

tel.: 8(8152)40-33-30,

e-mail: derkachsr@mstu.edu.ru

Using methods of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with high resolution (HPLC/MS), qualitative and quantitative compositions of some samples of industrial fish oils (fish processing waste) have been investigated from the point of view of their application as a raw materials for the synthesis of biodegradable surfactants for the oil and gas industry. It has been shown that fish oils contain fractions of free carboxylic acids (up to 40 % by weight) with the length of hydrocarbon chain from 13 to 23 carbon atoms. Predominant content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids has been discovered. Mass content of the oleic acid in some samples is up to 15 % by weight. It is established that all fish oil samples contain some amount of a hindered phenols. It is proved that similar fats can be used as a basis for the creation of both water-soluble and oil-soluble environmentally low-hazard biodegradable surfactants which can be applied as a part of technological fluids under oil and gas production.

Key words: oil industry; surfactants; industrial fish oils; oleinic acid; carboxylic acids.

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UDC 504.75.05

ANALYSIS OF HEALTH RISK FROM AIR POLLUTION

BY 15 PETROLEUM REFINERIES. PART I. EMISSIONS AND RISKS (р. 38)

Simon Avaliani, Dr.Sc. (Medicine), Prof.

Russian Medical Academy for Post-Graduate Education

10/12, Polikarpova str., Moscow, 125284, Russia,

tel.: +7 (495) 945-46-05,

e-mail: savaliani@mail.ru

Boris Balter,

Dmitriy Balter,

Mariya Stal’naya

Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

84/32, Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, 117997, Russia,

tel.: +7(495)333-35-89, 333-44-67,

e-mail: balter@mail.ru, db.balter@mail.com, stalnayam@mail.ru

Boris Revich, Dr.Sc. (Medicine), Prof.

Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences

47, Nakhimovskiy prosp., Moscow, 117418, Russia,

tel.: +7(499) 129-18-00,

e-mail: brevich@yandex.ru

Marina Faminskaya, PhD (Physics & Mathematics), Assistant prof.

Russian State Social University

4, bld.1, Wilgel’ma Pika str., Moscow, 129226, Russia,

tel.: +7(495)748-57-57, ext. 20-66; 8(905)544-11-31,

e-mail: faminskaya@mail.ru

This is part I of the analytical study of individual health risks produced by air pollution from petroleum refineries (PR). We used data and results for 15 refineries from risk modeling in 2009–2014. The first chapter focuses on emission values (peak and average), to find relationships characterizing refineries as an industry. We ranged pollutants by emission values (both peak and average) and showed that these are sufficiently closely associated with the production capacity. The second chapter contains the main result – a study of risks produced on the edge of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) and within the nearest populated areas. We studied 4 types of risk: non-carcinogenic (acute and chronic), carcinogenic, and mortality due to suspended particles. Risks important for refineries are non-carcinogenic acute risks to respiratory and central nervous systems were studied as well. On the average, refineries don’t create unacceptable levels of risk within populated areas or on the edge of SPZ, but acute risks are still considerable and call for control of sources that contribute most (see the companion paper). For several individual plants, acute risks reach an unacceptable level both within populated areas and on the edge of SPZ. Pollutants contributing most to these risks are: hydrocarbons and benzene for central nervous system risk; nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and caustic soda for respiratory risk. It is shown that the values of non-carcinogenic risk are tightly correlated with production capacity, and on this basis the forecasting production capacities data which may generate unacceptable risks are given.

Key words: health risks; reference concentrations; air pollution; petroleum refineries.

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UDC 502.65(470.56)

ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

OF THE ORENBURG GAS PROCESSING PLANT SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE

USING SOILS MATRIX (p. 46)

Irina Brezhneva, PhD (Biology),

Ol’ga Ermakova, PhD (Biology),

Ol’ga Podkovyrova

«Volgo-Ural Research and Designing Institute for Oil and Gas» Ltd. – «VolgoUralNIPIgaz» Ltd.

20, Pushkinskaya str., Orenburg, Orenburg region, 460000, Russia,

tel./fax: 8 (3532) 34-05-87, 34-06-20,

e-mail: irinabrezhneva@hotmail.com, aimcl@ya.ru

The article considers the points of modern conception for determination of soil tolerance of the sanitary protection zone of the large industrial facility to long-term impact of sediment polluting solids from the atmosphere for the development of soil conservation and protecting measures under engineer-ecological research, in the process of estimation of soils modern state. Modern data of soil investigations of the sanitary protection zone of the Orenburg gas processing plant are given, the forecast of insufficient contribution of functional parameters made with the use of soils matrix is confirmed, measures to restore soil characteristics are identified. Joint use of soils matrix and the sanitary number allowed to reveal layers of longtime pollution and to assess the sanitary condition of the soil. Specific measures considering insufficient level of functional parameters display and optimizing them and soils condition as a whole were suggested.

Key words: Orenburg gas processing plant; impact; soils; environmental sustainability; genetic parameters; functional parameters; soils matrix; soil protecting measures; sanitary number.

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UDC 330.55:339.98(47:57)

COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS SORBENTS

USED IN THE TOMSK REGION CONDITIONS (p. 51)

Anna Zausalina, post-graduate student,

Grigoriy Boyarko, Dr.Sc. (Economics), PhD (Geol. & Miner.)

FSAEI HPE «National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University»

30, Lenina prosp., Tomsk, 634034, Russia,

tel.: 8 (3822) 60-62-95,

e-mail: gub@tpu.ru

Alexey Val’

Pipeline Maintenance Agency Corporation of JSC «Tomskneft» VNK»

23, Burovikov str., Tomsk region, Strezhevoy, 636785, Russia,

tel.: 8(913)859-12-56,

e-mail: ValAV@tomskneft.ru

Tests on the efficiency of oil and oil products sorbents activity («Spillsorb», «Newsorb», «Lessorb-Extra») used by petroleum industries of Tomsk region have been carried out on their sorption capacity and absorption rate.

Tests have shown that these sorbents fail in some of the performance characteristics. Low wind resistance of light sorbents emerge was found out which can lead to their carrying-out from the contaminated area. At oil spill liquidation the basic task is to block the outflow and to collect contaminating agents. Therefore the main characteristics of oil sorbents selection are considered to be the following: the high velocity and sorption rate of oil. Oil capacity and oil gathering cost levels should be considered only when selected effective sorbents are used and compared. Sorbent «Spillsorb» showed the best test results – oil capacity accounted for 7,8 g/g, sorption rate – 2,4 %/min.

Key words: oil and petrochemical sorbents; sorbent capacity; sorption velocity; sorption rate.

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