Environment Protection in Oil and Gas Complex

The article discusses the methods of reduction of hydraulic friction losses in the main oil pipelines. Provision of reliable and energy-efficient operation of pipelines is one of the primary problem of the fuel and energy complex, the solution of which is impossible without a clear understanding of these methods. To identify the key factors influencing the process of pipeline transport of oil, the article presents a brief analysis of the international experience of theoretical and experimental research in the field of enhancement of an oil pipeline capacity by reducing the hydraulic resistance of a pipeline. Their advantages and disadvantages are revealed, the possibility of flow resistance reduction in a pipeline due to the use of pipes with an inner spiral screw channel is considered. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that during the analytical study there put forward a new method aimed at reduction of hydrodynamic friction losses in a pipeline, used when pumping oil. The existing mathematical model to be applicable to some special case of pipeline transport of oil in a vortex is evaluated. It is found that to improve the vortex flow efficiency in order to reduce hydraulic friction losses in a pipeline, it is necessary to develop recommendations regarding the construction of the spiral channel in the pipe, namely pitch and height of the turn.

Keywords: pipeline transportation of oil; hydraulic friction losses; spiral channel of a pipeline; vortex flow; anti-turbulent additive; coefficient of hydraulic resistance; Reynolds’ number; cylindrical system of coordinates.

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UDC 550.348.098.64(470.21)

ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC RISK IN RELATION

TO THE SHTOKMAN–VOLKHOV MAIN GAS PIPELINE

ON THE KOLA PENINSULA (p. 13)

Anatoly Ilich Kalashnik, Cand. of sc. ( tech.),

Dmitry Anatolievich Maksimov,

Olga Veniaminovna Smirnova

Mining Institute of the Kola Science Centre, RAS

24, Fersman str., 184209, Аpatity, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (81555) 79-664,

e-mail: kalashnik@goi.kolasc.net.ru

At present the assessment of seismic risk is carried out by maps of OSR-97 and their modifications. The analysis of seismicity of the Kola peninsula shows that this assessment can significantly differ: the calculated values of oscillation strength of the Earth surface as a result of a row of the instrumentally recorded earthquakes exceed 7 points which are the basis of OSR-97 maps for this region. In particular, this exceeding is critical for Shtokman–Volkhov main gas pipeline.

The comparative analysis of the occurred earthquakes, zones of seismicity and the increased power saturation of rocks also demonstrates the fact that use of OSR-97 maps doesn’t fully provide the accuracy of the assessment of a seismic danger level for Shtokman–Volkhov main gas pipeline in the territory of the Kola peninsula. Methodical approaches to the regional assessment of the seismic risk in relation to a gas pipeline which lie in OSR-97 maps detailing of a federal level, in particular, regional diagrams of the identified seismo-genic zones and zones of the increased power saturation of rocks’ thicknesses of the near-surface part of the Earth crust are proposed.

Keywords: seismicity; risk; OSR-97 maps; Kola peninsula; Shtokman–Volkhov main gas pipeline.

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UDC 502.55.665.6

REGENERATION OF WASTE TRANSFORMER OILS

USING ALUMINOSILICATES (p. 17)

Igor Rafailovich Tatur, Cand of sc. (tech.),

Vladimir Grigorievich Spirkin, Dr. of sc. (tech.), prof.

Gubkin Russian State University (NRU) of Oil and Gas

65, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tеl.: 8 (915) 086-18-58,

e-mail: v.g.spirkin@mail.ru

Dmitry Viktorovich Shuvarin

JSC «Firm ORGRES»

15, Semenovsky alley, 107023, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: +7 (926) 371-03-11,

e-mail: Shuv7@mail.ru

Alexander Viktorovich Melnikov,

Denis Valeryevich Kurganov

LLC «Microinter»

46, Varshavskay alley, 115230, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: +7 (499) 613-82-63,

e-mail: mikronbox@mail.ru

Applying of adsorptive purification for waste transformer oils regeneration using aluminosilicate adsorbents along with stabilisation by additives allows to produce recovered high quality oil that meets SO 153-34.20.501-2003 and STO 70238424.27.100.053-2013 requirements. The best purification results for waste transformer oils have been reached in adsorption module filled with aluminosilicate «AS-230Sh» type A. Concentration of aluminosilicate is 5 % to waste transformer oil. The acid number and dielectric loss tangent meets GOST R 54331-2011 requirements. Transformer oil GK produced by anthranilic acid pre-treatment along with adsorptive purification using aluminosilicate «AS-230Sh» type A has the properties better than transformer oil produced by only adsorptive purification. After regeneration of an adsorbent AS-230Sh its properties have been reached the initial level.

Keywords: aluminosilicates; adsorbent; adsorptive purification; energy oils; transformer oils; regeneration; waste oils; electrophysical properties.

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UDC 574.4(285.2)

CHANGE OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF LAKES

USED FOR SAND DEPOSITS DEVELOPMENT

OF BOVANENKOVSKY FIELD (p. 21)

Irina Yurievna Makarenkova, Cand. of sc. (geography),

Valentina Ivanovna Uvarova

State Research-Production Center of Fishery

33, Odesskaya str., 625023, Tyumen, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (3452) 41-57-98,

e-mail: odu@gosrc.ru

Oil and gas fields development requires a large amount of construction sand, the reserves of which are accumulated in various lakes and lake-river systems. Development of sand deposits by hydromechanical technique involves the impact on water areas and their inhabitants. Hydraulic-filling sand pit that appeared in the place of a sink lake changed the natural hydro-chemical situation under the influence of industrial activity. Nonmetallic minerals are extracted from the depth of 20 m, salinized bottom deposits became muddy, thus brining appearance of salty chloride-sodium-potassium waters. Sand production results in changing hydrological and hydro-chemical showings of water objects. The purpose of this article is to show what changes of ecological conditions of water objects are observed under the influence of industrial activity when developing sand pits, within the frames of carrying out works regarding the construction of oil- and gas fields infrastructure. The results of monitoring studies conducted by Russian Fishery Center in water-areas of Bovanenkovsky field in 2008–2011 are analyzed. The analysis of the changes is carried out by hydro-chemical and toxicological parameters. In the waters of hydro-filling pits as compared with the natural background of Yamal surface water the content of chlorides, sulfates, calcium, magnesium, ammonia nitrogen, iron, suspended solids increased and this fact made the toxicological state worse. The changes of pits’ hydro-chemical state of water are associated with the transformation of the geochemical flow of substances in the landscapes under the influence of economic activity.

Keywords: open pit; lake; hydro-chemical showings; toxicological indicators; biotesting.

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UDC 66.074.82

THE TECHNOLOGY OF REDUCTION NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSION

AT THE ENCLOSED FLARE SYSTEMS DEVELOPED

BY LLC «GAS-PROJECT ENGINEERING» (p. 26)

Yaroslav Khalilevich Valeyev, Cand. of sc. (chem.),

Timur Mingarifovich Zidikhanov

LLC «Gas-Project Engineering»

3, Turbinnaya str., 450045, Ufa, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (347) 293-43-23,

e-mail: mail@gpiufa.ru

The flare units used to utilize combustion gases are efficient when preventing emergencies during hydrocarbon production. The most commonly used elevated flares adversely affect the environment and human health due to the content of a variety of hazardous substances in the combustion gases. Emissions from such flares extend to many kilometers. It is possible to solve this problem crucially by using the elevated closed-type flares developed by LLC «Gas-Project Engineering». LLC «Gas-Project Engineering» experience is presented in the article regarding the development of the elevated closed-type flare systems with an impoverished content of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) in the products of the combustion. Testing data of NO_x reduction methods in flue gases of the closed-type flare are analyzed. The description of a new-type burner unit, manufactured by LLC «Gas-Project Engineering», that allows conducting a smooth regulation of the air coming on for burning is presented.

Keywords: flare; flue gases; nitrogen oxide; closed-type flare unit; two-stage burning process; burner; excess air ratio.

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UDC 504.06:629.584

PROSPECTS OF USING FRIABLE SORBENTS

FOR HEAVY OIL SPILL ELIMINATION (p. 30)

Yana Yurievna Blinovskaya, Dr. of sc. (tech.),

Polina Pavlovna Zatsepina

Maritime State University named after Admiral G.I. Nevelskoy

50a, Verkhneportovaya str., 690003, Vladivostok, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (423) 251-52-70,

e-mail: blinovskaya@msun.ru

Konstantin Konstantinovich Razmakhnin, Cand. of sc. (tech.)

Transbaikal State University

30, Aleksandro-Zavodskaya str., 672039, Chita, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (3022) 35-32-02

Spills are major ecological disasters, their impact being highly destructive and not predictable to a full degree for environment. State-of-the-art oil spill response toolbox includes various oil pickup methods; however, most of these are characterized by low efficiency. This is accounted for, first of all, by physical–chemical properties of oil, which also determine the peculiarities of its behaviour during the spill and its impact on the environment.

The analysis of response activities in various climatic and natural conditions has shown that one of the well-proven methods is sorption purification. The range of sorbents for various ends is rather wide.

Results of laboratory experiments according to friable sorbents efficiency for heavy oil spill elimination are presented in this article.

Keywords: oil sorbents; zeolites; friable sorbent; oil spill response.

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UDC 622.276

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS

ON YARAKTA OIL, GAS AND CONDENSATE FIELD

(IRKUTSK AREA) (p. 33)

Irina Nikolaevna Bilichenko, Cand. of sc. (geography),

Stanislav Aleksandrovich Makarov, Dr. of sc. (geography),

Marina Yur'evna Opekunova, Cand. of sc. (geography),

Nataliia Valer'evna Vlasova, Cand. of sc. (geography)

The V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS

1, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russian Federation,

tel.: +7 (3952) 42 69 20,

e-mail: irinabilnik@mail.ru

The long-term results of ecological and geographical investigations are presented on the landscape structure in the south of the Lena-Katanga plateau (Yarakta oil, gas and condensate field, Irkutsk area). It is poorly studied area of active development of prospective oil and gas areas. Given the regional patterns, characteristics of climate and relief, differentiation of vegetation and soils, especially the modern use of the area structural-dynamical characteristics have been revealed. According to our research, a large part of the territory is covered with stable long-derivatives and moderate stable types of landscapes that are moderate transformed by human activities. The data obtained can be used in the future to monitor the natural ingredients developed territory, assessment of natural potential of the study area, taking into account the landscape sustainability to natural and human-induced changes, as well as the creation of analytical and recommendation cards.

Keywords: Irkutsk region; oil; gas and condensate field; monitoring landscape structure; dynamics; climate; vegetation; anthropogenic influence.

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UDK 504:553

APPLICATION OF METHODS OF PHYTOINDICATION

IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF OBJECTS OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

(ON THE EXAMPLE OF YAMAL–NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT) (p. 37)

Natalia Valerievna Kirsanova, Cand. of sc. (biol.)

Tomsk Research and Design Institute of Oil and Gas

72, Mir prosp., 634027, Tomsk, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (923) 402-03-62,

e-mail: tgu.bi@mail.ru

The territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (YaNAD) is a region with a very tense ecological situation. Currently there happens an intensive development of the district, connected with the development of oil and gas fields. The development of an oil and gas field is accompanied by an intense influence on all the environment components (water, air, soil, flora and fauna). The article discusses the importance of studying the flora and vegetation of the territories affected by man-made press as one of the primary indicators of environmental change. The characteristic of vegetation and analysis of the flora of technogenic growing areas in the subzone of the northern taiga is given. The vegetation of the area under study (Purovsky district of YaNAD) is represented by the combination of coniferous forests and their derivatives with large and flat-hilly swamps. It is revealed that flora of this area includes 140 species and sub-species from 80 genera and 39 families. In view of the range of the leading families and genus, the studied flora refers to the boreal type, with a significant influence of hypo-arctic belt. In conditions of intense anthropogenic development of the territory its flora and vegetation are subject to strong anthropogenic impact. In the absence of proper environmental control this will inevitably lead to the impoverishment of the floristic composition and the reduction of the area of natural vegetation communities. By now, no plants subject to state and regional security are identified.

Keywords: environmental monitoring; phyto-indication; flora; conservation of the boreal component; changes in the environment; the northern taiga.

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UDC 539.422.3

THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE INDUCED SEISMICITY

IN THE BLOCK STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLOCKS (p. 43)

Marina Valerievna Zaretskaya, Dr. of sc. (phys.-math.), prof.

Kuban State University

149, Stavropolskaya str., 350040, Krasnodar, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (918) 480-72-24,

e-mail: zarmv@mail.ru

This article presents the results of a study of technogenic seismicity based on mathematical methods – theory of block structures and differential factorization method. Induced earthquakes, caused by intensive production of oil and gas companies, have been repeatedly observed in Russia and abroad. When planning production activities at a new oil field, the problem of creating geo-environmental monitoring system that allows to reliably estimate the long-term effects before the start of the production process, arises before the producers. This will prevent geo-ecological catastrophes in the operation and facilitate the implementation of regular production activities. A methodology based on the inclusion of mathematical methods in monitoring and forecasting systems is proposed. Its specific feature is the use of a geophysical environment model, which is most similar to the natural one, and the methods of deformable solids mechanics for structurally inhomogeneous media. The method allows to calculate the natural tension of the crust, then, applying the theory of block structures and factorization methods to evaluate the contact stresses at the boundaries of different types of blocks.

Keywords: induced seismicity; production activities; geo-ecological monitoring; forecast; mathematical modeling; block structure; factorization method.

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UDC 502.34

EXPERIENCE OF USA IN REMEDIATION

OF PAST ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES (p. 48)

Aleksander Aleksandrovich Solovyanov, Dr. of sc. (chemistry), prof.

FSBO «Research Institute of Nature Protection» – VNII Ecology

Estate Znamenskoje-Sadki, 117628, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: (495) 423-83-55,

e-mail: Soloviyanov@mail.ru

Rehabilitation of past environmental liabilities (ONEV), including the «Brownfields» encountered during the operation of enterprises in various sectors of the economy, is one of the priority tasks of the United States in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety. To this end, the United States developed a variety of organizational, legal and financial schemes. The largest ONEV rehabilitated under the scheme laid down in the law on Superfund. One of the most effective in the US system is the elimination of «Brownfields» in Minnesota. Environmental monitoring, the organization of technical and financial support, environmental control activities to eliminate the «Brownfields» engaged in Control Agency Minnesota Pollution (MRSA). Its activities are supported by citizens, businesses, all levels of government, environmental groups and educators.

Keywords: past environmental liabilities; Superfund; brownfilds.

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JSC "ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY"

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