Environment Protection in Oil and Gas Complex

The paper considers the main factors of negative influence of oil and oil products transportation by water. According to the statistics, the inflow of oil pollution components into water bodies during oil transportation is more than 20 times higher compared to oil exploration and production at sea. The volume of export transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials by sea is constantly growing and in the near future it will only increase. Half of the oil amount extracted on the shelf is transported by the tanker fleet and is estimated to be up to 2 billion tons per year, of which about 0,03 % is being lost for various reasons. The main cause of the marine environment pollution under normal operating conditions is the discharge of oily waters, which include bilge and ballast waters. Ballast water usually contains a variety of biological substances with alien exotic species that can cause enormous environmental and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems. According to satellite observations of the Black Sea pollution caused by ships, oil spills have been constantly recorded on the sea surface, with the most frequent discharges of oil products from the ships passing along the routes into the ports of Novorossiysk and Tuapse, and when approaching the oil terminal located near Cape Iron Horn.

Keywords: oil transportation; oil spills; bilge and ballast water.

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UDC 504.054 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-14-21

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM
GAS FLARING ON TAIGA LANDSCAPES BASED ON AN ANALYSIS
OF THE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) (p. 14)

Anastasiia Il’inichna Vasiullina,

Dmitriy Valer’evich Moskovchenko

Tyumen State University

6, Volodarskogo str., Tyumen, 625003, Russian Federation,

e-mail: a.i.vasiullina@utmn.ru

A spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of associated petroleum gas (APG) flaring on taiga vegetation is carried out on an example of a vertical flare stake located in the region of the Verkhnevozeyskoye oil field (Komi Republic). The vegetation index (NDVI) was used as an impact indicator that was calculated from Terra MODIS satellite images using the satellite-based vegetation analysis service VEGA-PRO. It was noted that the minimum NDVI values for the growing season are observed near the flare stake. As you move away from it, the NDVI values increase that indicates a weakening of the effect. The consequences of APG flaring, depending on the wind rose, are observed at a distance from 500 to 1200 m. According to the results of the study, the landscape was divided into zones according to the intensity of the influence of vertical flare stake (zones of intense, moderate, low loads and residual exposure). The results of the study can be used to develop a methodology for monitoring the environmental consequences of APG flaring on the territory of oil fields.

Keywords: associated petroleum gas (APG); Earth remote sensing (ERS); Terra MODIS; vegetation index (NDVI).

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UDC 574.24(262.5) DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-22-26

OIL HYDROCARBONS IN THE BLACK SEA HYDROBIONTS (p. 22)

Oleg Andreevich Mironov

The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS

2, Nakhimov prosp., Sevastopol, 299011, Russian Federation,

e-mail: mironov87@gmail.com

The paper provides new and summarizes literature data on the oil hydrocarbons reserves in the Black Sea hydrobionts of various taxonomic groups. The urgency of the work is caused by the fact that oil hydrocarbons enter the natural metabolic processes of marine organisms, and can also be transmitted through the food chain, including a human organism, as shown by the example of the Black Sea mussels and crabs. Due to the improvement of the ecological situation in Sevastopol regional, being under control in recent years, including the levels of oil hydrocarbons content in the sea water, it is advisable to monitor the oil hydrocarbons content in hydrobionts to predict the long-term effects of oil spills, as well as to study the bio-flows of oil hydrocarbons in the coastal sea zone.

Keywords: oil hydrocarbons; the Black Sea hydrobionts; coastal zone; food chain transmission; gas chromatography.

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UDC 622.276.04 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-27-30

PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF VIBRATIONAL-OSCILLATORY
PROCESSES ON THE DURATION REDUCTION OF THE SAFE OPERATION
OF WELDED JOINTS OF MARINE STATIONARY PLATFORMS
FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ON THE SHELF (p. 27)

Ivan Viktorovich Starokon,

Pavel Kirillovich Kalashnikov

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: starokon79@mail.ru

The study of resonant oscillations occurrence when the frequency spectrum from the hydraulic load coincides with the frequencies of own oscillations of offshore platforms elements is of great practical importance. Such a load arises due to the periodic occurrence and disruption of vortex flows under conditions of stationary sea currents flowing around the elements of the offshore platform. As a result of this phenomenon, the effective stresses are subjected to multiple increase, thus specially affecting the welded joints adjacent to the offshore platform supports. The paper provides a methodology that provides evaluation of the effect of vibrational-oscillatory processes on the welded joints operational time of offshore stationary platforms installed on the shelf.

Кeywords: offshore stationary platforms; vibrational-oscillatory processes; operational time; alternating stresses.

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UDC 504.3.054 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-31-34

DETERMINATION OF INITIAL PARAMETERS FOR CALCULATION OF EMISSIONS
FROM A SOURCE WITH NON-STATIONARY EMISSION (p. 31)

Vadim Olegovich Rostovtsev,

Evgeniy Tikhonovich Klimenko,

Vladimir Alexandrovich Shirokov

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky рrosр., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: fhte.gubkin@gmail.com

One of the specific sources of environmental pollution is vent pipes, characterized by non-stationary characteristics of pollutants emission into the atmosphere. By now, there exist no mathematical models describing such emission sources, and, therefore, there are no models that correctly describe the dispersion of methane in the atmosphere. The paper determines the necessary initial data for describing the dispersion of pollutants from this type of source. The jet diffusion parameters, jet velocity on the ejection axis, and jet trajectory parameters are computed. The effective source is described, and its parameters and components are determined.

Keywords: effective source; model of an emission source; gas outflow; diffusion; emission rate.

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UDC 504.054 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-35-38

MICROPLASTICS IDENTIFICATION IN THE ARCTIC AND
RUSSIAN FAR EAST COASTAL GROUND (p. 35)

Yana Yurievna Blinovskaya

FGAOU VO "Far Eastern Federal University"

8, Sukhanova str., Vladivostok , 690950, Russian Federation,

e-mail: blinovskaya@hotmail.com

Olga Alekseevna Kulikova,

Elena Alekseevna Mazlova

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: mazlovaea@gmail.com

Mariya Vladislavovna Gavrilo

"Marine heritage" association

Icebreaker "Krasin", 23 line, embankment of Lieutenant Shmidt, Saint Petersburg, 199106, Russian Federation,

e-mail: m_gavrilo@mail.ru

The anthropogenic activities impact on the environment has become catastrophic. "Human trace" can be seen even in the most remote and inaccessible corners of the planet. The results of its activity affect all elements of ecosystems and are found at the morphological, functional and even genetic levels. This is particularly evident in the use of synthetic materials. Plastics is one of the "scourges" of the modern chemical industry. Its wastes are not only accumulated in the environment like spent products, but also lead to a synergistic effect, the effect of which is evident in all constituents of the geographical envelop. The microplastics is characterized by such exposure, so the relevance of studying it increases annually. The paper is devoted to the results of the study of microplastics in the coastal soil of the Arctic seas and the southern part of the Russian Far East. Preliminary studies have found that the concentration of microplastics on the coast is about 1 particle per a kilogram of coastal soil, which is significantly lower than in other regions of the world. However, due to the difficult access to the working areas, sampling is carried out discretely, not allowing to present an objective situation for the time being.

Keywords: ecological safety; microplastics; coastal area; Arctic; Russian Far East seas.

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UDC 665.666+678.049 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-39-44

AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD THAT IS APPLIED TO USE THE PRODUCT
OF OIL SLUDGE INERTISATION BY POLYETHYLENE WASTE (p. 39)

Alfred Danilovich Khusainov,

Ildar Gilmanovich Shaikhiev,

Sabina Anatolyevna Seitova

Kazan National Research Technological University

68, Karl Marx str., Kazan, 420015, Russian Federation,

e-mail: alfred-husainov@mail.ru, ildars@inbox.ru

Lyalya Shamilevna Sharipova

Kukmorsky felting and felt mill

1, Vakhitova str., Kukmor, 422110, Russian Federation,

e-mail: kvvk3@mail.ru

The possibility of using the product of oil sludge inertisation by low-pressure polyethylene waste (LPPW) as a part of elastomeric compositions of non-essential purpose was investigated. The inertisation product was obtained by oil sludge mixing with crushed low-pressure polyethylene waste (LPPW) at an elevated temperature in the ratio of 5:1. The resulting product was introduced into the elastomeric composition in the amount of 5, 10 and 15 parts (mass) per 100 parts (mass) of the elastomeric composition of 1747 brand based on rubbers of SKSM-30 ARKM-15 and SKI-3 grades used for rubberizing the bottom of felted shoes. It was determined that the investigated ingredient exhibits the properties of a plasticizer, contributes to a certain decrease of the vulcanization time optimum and the vulcanization rate increase in the main period. It was determined that the use of the product of oil sludge modification by low-pressure polyethylene waste (LPPW) provides reduction of strength characteristics, obtained vulcanizates (relative load and elongation in case of a break and tear resistance) as well as hardness increase by the Shore A and elasticity. It was found that the product of oil sludge inertisation in the elastomeric composition formulation leads to a decrease of a bond strength with the metal cord. It is concluded that it is possible to recommend the use of an oil sludge modification product by low-pressure polyethylene waste (LPPW) in the formulation of elastomeric compositions of the non-essential purpose.

Keywords: oil sludge; polyethylene waste; inertisation; elastomeric composition; ingredient; physical-mechanical indicators.

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UDC 620.197.5:622.691.4.052.006 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-45-53

THE INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF TECHNICAL MELIORATION
OF INDUSTRIAL SITES SOILS ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE CURRENT
DISTRIBUTION IN CONDITIONS OF CATHODE CURRENT SHIELDING (p. 45)

Elena Evgenievna Yavorskaya

Ukhta State Technical University

13, Pervomaysraya str., Ukhta, 169300, Russian Federation,

e-mail: lena_yavorskaya_@mail.ru

The paper presents the methods of technical reclamation of industrial sites soils, carried out in order to provide special properties at the stage of construction, operation, reconstruction and/or repair of pipeline systems and equipment, as well as related systems that ensure the failure-free and safe operation of the equipment concentrated at the territory of compressor, oil pumping, gas distribution stations and other site facilities of the oil and gas industry. But not all methods of technical reclamation are able to change the soil parameters, affecting the current distribution parameters in the "cathodically protected object-soil" system in order to reduce the electrical resistance of the grounding wires. Since the grounding wires themselves are made of copper, black or galvanized steel, it often leads to the shielding of the cathode current, i.e. the leakage of the most part of the protective current to the grounding wires of electrical installations. As a result, the efficiency and service life of ground wires decreases, thus failing to provide effective anticorrosive protection of pipelines. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that in the course of the review of scientific and technical literature a classification has been developed that allows to systematize the main methods of technical soil reclamation, implemented on the territory of industrial sites, and to determine the optimal soil conditions for ensuring the required parameters of anticorrosive protection of technological pipelines sections and industrial sites equipment.

Keywords: technical reclamation of soils; construction site; shielding of cathodic current; corrosion protection; process piping; electrical resistance of grounding wires.

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UDC 510.67:554 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-1(292)-54-59

USE OF CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODELS WHEN STUDYING
THE FIRE SPREADING DURING OIL PRODUCTS SPILL
ON THE SOIL SURFACE (p. 54)

Alla Vladimirovna Pavlova,

Sergey Evgen'evich Rubtsov,

Pavel Rol'danovich Rodionov

Kuban State University

149, Stavropolskaya str., Krasnodar, 350040, Russian Federation,

e-mail: pavlova@math.kubsu.ru

The oil industry development provokes a significant threat of oil products accidental spills, which can create a fire hazard situation when introduced into the soil systems. The results of studies on the modeling of processes associated with the problems of fire prediction and elimination indicate a growing interest in the use of discrete cellular automaton models. The paper presents a cellular automaton approach that expands the possibilities of studying the process of the fire front spreading in case of emergency leakage of a combustible liquid. A composite cellular automaton (CA) was introduced, which is usually used when modeling the phenomena of involving several different processes, based on a cellular automaton model of naive diffusion, simulating the fire propagation dynamics with consideration for the region relief and the obstacles presence. An example of the CA use to simulate the process of a fire propagation after a spill of liquid pollutant onto the earth’s surface is considered with account of the wind direction and the combustibility coefficient of the underlying surface. The proposed algorithm of the CA software implementation makes it easy to illustrate the process on any surface, allowing to dynamically obtain areas and contours of the fire propagation. The above-mentioned CA model on a triangulation grid can be used as part of a model complex of processes realizing the fire propagation and migration of polluting aerosol and gaseous products of combustion in the atmosphere, which are also applicable for the assessment of the environmental impact.

Keywords: triangulation; composite cellular automation; naive diffusion; spill fire; fire front propagation.

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