ISSN 2411-7013 Scientific-technical journal May 2020 № 3(294) 6 issues per year CONTENТS |
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PROVIDING OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY UNDER SHELF WORK |
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NANOMATERIALS FOR WATER PURIFICATION FROM OIL PRODUCTS |
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Sizyakov M.I. New nanomaterials and dispersants for oil spill response (p. 33‑38) |
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ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF LUBRICANTS |
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Evdokimov A.Yu. Environmental aspects of the use of lubricants (p. 39‑45) |
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IFLUENCE OF OIL SLIMES ON ENVIRONMENT |
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Pashayan A.A., Aminov D.O. Decrease in toxicity of oil slimes by method of reagent capsulation (p. 46‑50) |
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INDUSTRIAL SAFEТY MANAGEMENT |
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Khalidov I.A. Industrial safety management during decommissioning of oil and gas assets. Part 1 (p. 55‑59) |
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ECOLOGICAL MONITORING |
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Information on the articles |
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UDC 504.054:504.422:504.423 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-9-12
NAKHODKA BAY MARINE LANDSCAPES POLLUTION
ASSESSMENT
Yana Yurievna Blinovskaya, Alexey Viktorovich Myagchilov
FGAOU VO "Far Eastern Federal University" 8, Sukhanova str., Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation, e-mail: blinovskaya@hotmail.com
The southern part of Primorsky Kray marine landscapes are the unique due to their special geographical location. At the same time these areas are the most developed in the Russian Far East. The port activities intensification specifies to the emergence of chronic pollution centers with oil products, where the highest concentration is observed in the bottom grounds and coastal waters. In this work an analysis of bottom grounds and bottom waters pollution with oil products one of the largest port water areas of the Russian Far East – Nakhodka Bay – was carried out. Despite the fact that there are no exposure standards for bottom grounds the monitoring results have established that there is a rather high concentration of oil products here. Unstable dynamics have diagnosed during the period of study. Marine water quality analysis in the bottom horizon has allowed establishing excess of the action level at the all points of research. The absence of an integrated environmental monitoring system at the seaports could exacerbate the situation and increase the risk of secondary pollution of the marine landscapes.
Keywords: oil products; bottom grounds; marine landscapes; marine water; Nakhodka bay.
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UDC 574.5+551.46.062.5:519.2(262.54) DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-13-18
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Irina Grigorievna Korpakova, Igor Yuryevich Eletskiy
FSBSO HS "Kuban State University" – FSBSO HS "KubSU" 149, Stavropolskaya str., Krasnodar, 350040, Russian Federation, e-mail: analit@kubsu.ru
The article reflects the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the formation of benthic biocenosis in the water area of the licensed area "NK Priazovneft", located in the southeastern region of the Sea of Azov. Five periods with different levels of salinity of water masses and the content of oxygen dissolved in water were distinguish. For analysis, we used data on water pollution, bottom sediments with oil products and heavy metals, as well as data on the accumulation of heavy metals in muscular tissues and shells of mollusks. The noted levels of environmental pollution by oil products and heavy metals do not affect the state of bottom biocenosis. It was shown that the species composition, abundance, and biomass of zoo benthos positively correlate with the content of dissolved oxygen in water. During a period of extensive oxygen deficit, primary cenosis are formed with low biomass values and the preservation of frost-resistant species. The salinization of water masses does not noticeably affect the numerical characteristics of zoo benthos, but the emergence of Black Sea invaders is note in the community and a radical restructuring of the species composition of bottom animals takes place.
Keywords: the Sea of Azov; zoo benthos; salinity; oil products; heavy metals; dissolved oxygen; abundance; biomass.
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UDC 502.51(26) DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-19-25
PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION OF PECHORA SEA
SHORELINE
Marsel Galiullovich Gubaidullin, Vladimir Alekseevich Berezkin, Olesya Vladimirovna Kraineva
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov 17, Severnaya Dvina Emb., Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation, e-mail: m.gubaidulin@narfu.ru
In this paper the probability assessment for Pechora Sea coastal line pollution as a result of an oil spill is presented. A breakdown of the flexible loading hose during a tanker loading was chosen as a scenario of the accident. In the event of a spill, the oil slick transportation depends mainly on the wind speed and direction. Different scenarios of spill were simulated in the OSCAR program with various wind parameters and the boundaries of the possible distribution of the oil slick were outlined in the map. The probability of each scenario is determined based on historical data on wind recurrence in this region. The map of the pollution probability of different coastline sectors was compiled. The investigation also includes an assessment of possible contamination of local natural reserves. The study shows that the most likely scenario is the movement of the spot to the south towards the nearest coast. This shore is close to the spill source, therefore it would cause severe pollution.
Keywords: oil spill; modeling; environmental safety; offshore; Pechora Sea; technogenic safety; Varandey terminal; marine oil transport; Arctic; the Nenets Autonomous District; OSCAR.
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UDC 574.632:581.1:581.526.323(262.5+268.45) DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-26-32
CONCEPTUAL SCHEME OF THE REACTION OF
MACROPHYTE COMMUNITIES
Oleg Vladimirovich Stepanyan
Federal State Budget Institution of Science "Federal Research Center The Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" 41, Chekhov str., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation, e-mail: step@ssc-ras.ru
The conceptual scheme of reaction of communities of macrophytes of northern and southern seas of Russia to oil pollution revealing and describing similar reactions of macrophytes of different latitudes is developed. The conceptual scheme adequately reflects the actually occurring natural processes, makes it possible to predict long-term changes and can serve as a methodological basis for environmental mapping of coastal waters. The results of the study contribute to the development of modern ideas about the impact oil pollution on the macrophytobenthos of the southern and northern seas of the European part of Russia. The results of the work can be used as a scientific basis for diagnostic monitoring and environmental forecasting, in the development of measures for bioremediation and rehabilitation of water resources and their protection.
Keywords: macrophytes; marine communities; oil pollution; phytoremediation; Black Sea; Barents Sea.
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UDC 665.61:628.16:503.36 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-33-38
NEW NANOMATERIALS AND DISPERSANTS
Mikhail Igorevich Sizyakov
Fuel Company TVK 22, Chaplygin str., Zhukovsky, 140180, Russian Federation, e-mail: mixsiz@yandex.ru
Methods of water purification from oil products using sorption technologies, scientific developments of modern nanomaterials and dispersants for the elimination of oil spills are considered. These technologies encompass many mechanisms and compositions, including gels, nanoparticles, nanomembranes obtained by electroforming, nanowire membranes and magnetic composites. The processes of obtaining highly porous modified nanogels that allow the collection of organic pollutants from the surface of the water have been studied. The technology of membrane separation of water and oil is considered. The method of producing membranes by electroforming is universal; using this method, it is easy to create continuous fibers with diameters from micrometers to nanometers. Electroformed membranes have advantages associated with higher porosity, lower base mass, larger effective surface area, and continuously bonded pores. The development of biocompatible nanodispersants, which with random biological absorption can be enzymatically decomposed, is considered.
Keywords: oil spills; threat to the ecosystem; nanosorbents; nanomembranes; biocompatible dispersants.
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UDC 665.76 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-39-45
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF LUBRICANTS (p. 39)
Alexander Yuryevich Evdokimov
Moscow State Linguistic University 38, Ostozhenka, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation, e-mail: alexevdo@yandex.ru
Lubricants are the most important element of the technosphere, without which its functioning as a system is in principle impossible. At the same time, oils, greases and cooling lubricants, both in use and used, make up a significant part of the pollution entering the biosphere and disturbing the ecological balance. Environmental issues in the modern world have acquired an ideological and moral character. The generally accepted criterion of progress – the growth of productive forces, currently does not meet both the spiritual and material needs of a civilization experiencing the destructive pressure of global environmental problems.
Keywords: lubricants; technosphere; biosphere; ecology; problems.
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UDC 504.064.47 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-46-50
DECREASE IN TOXICITY OF OIL SLIMES BY
METHOD
Ararat Alexandrovich Pashayan, Daler Ozodjonovich Aminov
Bryansk State Engineering-Technological University (BGITU) 3, Stanke Dimitrov prosp., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, e-mail: pashayan_ararat@mail.ru
Problems of utilization of oil slimes (OS) are considered. It is shown that sorption methods for removal and/or deactivation of oil in OS and decrease in their toxicity are not applicable. For the solution of this problem as acceptable it is necessary to recognize technologies of capsulation, with use of chemical reagents at which mixture in the damp soil there are reactions of ionic exchange. As a result in a soil matrix growth not of soluble crystals in water during which polluted by oil of a particle of the soil are encapsulated begins, becoming covered by firm and waterproof armors. It is shown that emulsifier introduction composition of reagents of capsulation allows to reduce expenses of reagents and toxicity of OS. The strongest capsules are formed when using emulsifier in combination with sulfate of iron (II) and chalk, or with liquid glass, chalk and phosphoric acid. Water extracts of such soils have identical toxicity, as at the clean soil. Results of biotesting show that the toxicity of the encapsulated OS is 1,5 times higher, than at the clean soil and up to 7 times less, than the polluted soil. Thus, use of technology of reagent capsulation allows to reduce harmful effects of OS on the environment.
Keywords: toxicity of oil slimes; technology of reagent capsulation; emulsification of oil in OS; toxicity of OS; a bioremediation.
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UDC 699 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-51-54
BITUMEN AND POLYMER ROOF WATERPROOFING
MATERIALS
Stanislav Gazizovich Safin, Anatoly Nesterovich Cherepanov, Igor Aleksandrovich Shiganov
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov 17, Northern Dvina Imperial str., Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation, e-mail: locoman7@mail.ru
The article discusses the problem of the negative impact of oil sludge (resins, asphaltenes, paraffin, sand, salts) on the environment. The possibility of using oil barrels in polymer-bitumen compositions to protect the structure of buildings from weathering was analyzed. The experience of using polymeric roll roofing materials, polymer-bitumen compositions revealed a number of their disadvantages, such as low service life and low reliability, which leads to the gradual destruction of the roof of structures. A polymer-bitumen composition (PBC) was developed. Also, studies were conducted this composition. The results obtained in the study of the material showed that the new polymer-bitumen composition has a higher operational properties, and also realizes the possibility of using sludge. Also in the article the question of predicting the "aging" of waterproofing materials. "Aging" is caused by exposure of materials to solar radiation, temperature, cyclical differences (day and night, seasons). For our country, this is a particularly important issue, given the wide range of climate change depending on the region. Therefore, the improvement of methods for predicting the "aging" of waterproofing materials is an actual problem.
Keywords: waterproofing materials; oil sludge; polymer-bitumen composition; physical and mechanical properties; building; roofing.
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UDC 665.6 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-55-59
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT DURING
DECOMMISSIONING
Ibragim Arbievich Khalidov
National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University” 65, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, e-mail: khalidov.i@mail.ru
The analysis of new guidelines and methods for conducting work on the shelf by contractors and the UK State Safety Oversight Service is carried out. The document was developed with the participation of the Institute of Energy, as well as oil companies, and aims to help manage the risks associated with the danger of large-scale accidents by specialists involved in the planning, design and implementation of projects for the decommissioning of marine facilities. The key aspects of ensuring industrial safety of the process during decommissioning, as well as project management from the point of view of industrial safety, are considered, including the following main stages: project initiation, selection and development, project engineering and project execution, including various stages.
Keywords: decommissioning; industrial safety; labor protection; environmental protection; safety.
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UDC 528.88 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2020-3(294)-60-64
APPLIANCE OF PHYTOINDICATION FOR EARTH
REMOTE SENSING
Sergey Vladimirovich Ostakh, Violetta Sergeevna Kusheeva, Elena Alexandrovna Bakhtina
National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University" 65, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, e-mail: v_kusheeva@mail.ru
The relevance of the increasing the informative value of Earth remote sensing data interpretation for the purpose of the disturbed and oil-contaminated territories monitoring is revealed in the paper. The analysis of the existing decryption methods was carried out and the satellite image processing algorithm using the exemplars as a phytoindicator of the environmental conditions was adapted and justified. The requirements for the created system of exemplars, determined by the objective functions, were specified. Pilot tests of the developed approach were carried out, accompanied by the experimental creation and field studies of the exemplars systems. As an indicator function for identifying site disturbance and oil contamination, the germination of the seed mixture, adapted to the natural and climatic features of the studied site region, was chosen. Laboratory and field work were carried out to process the results of experimental testing of the phyto-exemlars system, which allowed to give recommendations on introducing the developed approach into the existing environmental monitoring and control systems for oil and gas production facilities in order to increase their informative value. Prospects for using the developed approach not only for environmental monitoring, but also for optimizing the remediation have been identified.
Keywords: рhytoindication; Earth remote sensing; environmental monitoring; remediation of disturbed and oil-contaminated lands; interpretation of satellite images.
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF OIL AND GAS "GUBKIN UNIVERSITY" |