Environment Protection in Oil and Gas Complex

The paper considers the strategic trends of the world's largest oil refining companies when achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement until 2050. Based on the example of vertically integrated oil and gas companies in the Russian Federation, the authors show the targets in the medium and long-term prospects for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and compensation for environmental damage in the Russian Federation resulting from the activities of the oil refineries. Examples of implementation of PJSC "LUKOIL" measures at refineries to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as well as promising areas for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement are provided.

Keywords: Paris Agreement; greenhouse gases; energy efficiency; carbon dioxide emissions; renewable energy sources; green technologies; long-term development; decarbonization; PJSC "LUKOIL".

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UDC 614.8.084 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-15-18

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE CONDUCTED BEHAVIORAL SAFETY AUDITS
AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX (FEC) (p. 15)

Elena Vitalyevna Glebova,

Alla Tagirovna Volokhina,

Milyausha Ainurovna Sufiyanova,

Alexey Evgenyevich Vikhrov

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky рrosр., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: alla_volohina@mail

The paper presents the results of implementation of the procedure of behavioral safety audits (BSA) in LLC “Gazprom transgaz Samara”, which provides for mandatory performance analysis to assess safety indicators, the trends of their change, the effectiveness of corrective measures and to identify the periodicity of dangerous actions of employees or conditions at their workplace. With the help of the Pareto principle and statistical data on the number of violations during the days of the week at the Fuel and Energy Complex, a correlation relationship between the number of violations identified by the results of BSA and the day of the week was established.

Keywords: behavioral safety audit; violation; the day of the week; safety culture; working capacity.

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UDC 614.7:622.276 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-19-24

ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF OIL FIELDS (p. 19)

Andrey Vladimirovich Baryshnikov,

Konstantin Leonidovich Negrebetskikh

LLC "Sladkovsko-Zarechnoye"

40, Komsomolskaya str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation,

e-mail: info@sla-zar.ru

Mark Benyaminovich Tsinberg,

Marina Nikolaevna Nenasheva

LLC "Innovation Company "Ecobios"

4, Novaya str., Orenburg, 460022, Russian Federation,

e-mail: icecobios@list.ru

Viktor Mikhailovich Boev,

Dmitry Aleksandrovich Kryazhev

Orenburg State Medical University

6, Sovetskaya str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation,

e-mail: orgma@esoo.ru

The risks to the health of the population, living in the territories closest to the oilfield facilities, are assessed from the ecological-hygienic point of view. It was found that in the territories of the studied villages, the average annual and maximum one-time concentrations of substances do not exceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). It was proved that in all villages the total carcinogenic risk corresponds to an acceptable level for the population and professional groups. The non-carcinogenic risk to organs and systems does not exceed hygienic standards in chronic and acute exposure to substances. The study shows the need for constant monitoring of substances generated during the activities of an oil company, justifies the necessity of regular assessment of public health risks.

Keywords: hygienic assessment; atmospheric air; oil production; health risk analysis; carcinogenic risk; non-carcinogenic risk.

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LIST OF INTERNATIONAL OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY EVENTS
HELD IN THE SECOND HALF OF 2021 (p. 25)

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UDC 550.8.05 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-27-31

ENVIRONMENTALLY-GREEN METHODS
OF ESTIMATING CARBONATE ROCKS THE FRACTURING
AT THE MESOPOTAMIAN REGIONAL TROUGH (p. 27)

Danila Nikolaevich Gulyaev,

Anastasia Nikolaevna Nikonorova

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky рrosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: letter_to_me@rambler.ru

The complex nature of the void structure in carbonates significantly affects the filtration processes, and the heterogeneity of properties complicates the forecast of wells productivity and reservoir boundaries. One of the factors affecting the productivity index of carbonate deposits is permeability, which in turn depends on the pore structure. Thus, fractures can increase the filtration rate of fluids by tens of times, in addition, they can expand due to leaching, increasing the pore space, which results in heterogeneity increase of reservoir reserves recovery. So, to achieve planned good values of final recovery it is important to perform a detailed analysis of fractures.

The paper presents methodologies for assessing the fracturing of carbonate rocks of Mishrif formation (the deposit under study is located in the Messopotamsky regional trough), based on a set of well logging, petro-physics and well testing. A detailed analysis of the pore space of the studied formation is given, which makes it possible to optimize the existing development system. The presented approach allows avoiding the injection of radioactive polymers into the formations to assess the producing intervals during the development of the field, thus reducing the risks of contamination of the field area by radioactive substances.

Keywords: fracturing; secondary porosity; carbonate reservoirs; well testing; well logging; compressibility factor; pore structure; cavern porosity.

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UDC 665.76:621.89 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-32-37

USE OF LUBRICANTS BASED ON VEGETABLE OILS (p. 32)

Roman Rafaelevich Araslanov,

Igor Rafailovich Tatur,

Vladimir Grigorievich Spirkin,

Angelina Sergeevna Bogdanova

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: igtatur@yandex.ru

The possibility of using vegetable oils as a basis for lubricants is analyzed. It is shown that their distinctive feature is biodegradability and renewable raw material base. The examples of the production of various vegetable-based oils by foreign companies are given. The operational indicators of plant-based lubricants can be improved by additives, introduced into their composition.

Keywords: lubricants; vegetable oils; thermal-oxidative stability; biodegradability; engine oils; compressor oils; hydraulic oils; gear oils; transformer oils; greases; lubricating-cooling liquids; ecology.

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UDC 349.6:504.06:622.276 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-38-44

REGULATORY POLICY FOR USING OIL DISPERSANTS
TO ELIMINATE OIL EMERGENCY SPILLS IN THE OFFSHORE AREAS
OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (p. 38)

Tatiana Vladimirovna Mokochunina¹,

Konstantin Ossipov¹,

Tatiana Anatolievna Maryutina^{1, 2}

¹LLC "CET MIPT"

9, Institutsky per., Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow region, Russian Federation,

e-mail: mokochunina.tv@cet-mipt.ru

²GEOKHI RAS

19, Kosygin str., Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the contemporary legislative documentation regulating the use of chemical dispersants as a method of emergency oil spills elimination at the water surface in the Russian Federation. In connection with the changes in the environmental legislation that came into force on January 1, 2021, the use of chemicals as an independent method of oil spill elimination or an additional method to mechanical oil recovery for additional treatment of the water area is becoming especially relevant. It is noted that the previously adopted regulatory documentation governing the rules for the use of dispersants requires updating. The necessity of development and approving the test method for dispersant effectiveness determination in the Russian Federation based on the existing standard test methods ASTM F2059-17 (SFT-test) and ASTM F3251-17 (BFT-test) is substantiated. The test methods should be developed, considering some specific features of the produced oil composition and the characteristics of the regions, where these dispersants will be used. The influence of the laboratory method selection for determining the dispersant efficiency on the assessment of the dispersant possible use to eliminate an emergency oil spill response method is shown.

Keywords: oil spill dispersant; emergency oil spill; oil spill elimination plan; ecological legislation; ecology; dispersant effectiveness; test method for determining a dispersant effectiveness.

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UDC 665.6 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-45-49

ACID TAR PROCESSING BY NEUTRALIZATION METHOD (p. 45)

Dmitry Olegovich Sidorenko,

Zhaneta Valerevna Surikova

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky рrosр., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: ormr66@yandex.ru

The paper deals with the harm caused by acid tar to the environment, the processes of their formation and storage methods. The possibility of determining their composition by standard methods is shown. Decontamination is proposed as the main process of acid tar neutralization; on the basis of a series of experiments, neutralizing reagents representing waste from various chemical industries, as well as methods for their activation, are proposed. A process for simulating new acid tar by the interaction of substandard vacuum oil and concentrated sulfuric acid is proposed. Based on the acid tar, synthesized in the laboratory, the neutralization processes were carried out and the optimal parameters of the mode of this process were determined. The comparative efficiency of the neutralizers is determined and it is shown that the best results are obtained when using the fly ash of the thermal power plants. The technology of neutralization of new acid tar with the involvement of neutralization products in the production of asphalt is proposed.

Keywords: neutralization; hydrocarbon liquids; acid tar; chemical production waste; waste neutralization; sulfuric acid; asphalt; fly ash; standard methods for the analysis of petroleum products.

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UDC 620.9 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-50-53

SUBMERSIBLE POWER-GENERATING UNIT
AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE (p. 50)

Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kolganov,

Chingiz Saibovich Guseynov,

Nikolay Nikolaevich Portnyagin

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: sc55555@yandex.ru

The paper proposes a compact underwater energy generating device, in which energy is produced by underwater currents and tidal phenomena on the Arctic coast, for small settlements. These communities will be created to track ships sailing along the Northern Sea Route and to provide operational assistance if necessary. The idea of the technical proposal is structurally distinctive, the device is carried out like a set of conventional pipes of a certain diameter with a fairly wide bell (funnel), horizontally mounted towards the underwater current.

Keywords: underwater/tide/ebbs currents; pipe; socket (re-entry guide); blade; water turbine; energy production; power capacity.

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UDC 620.9:327 DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2021-3(300)-54-59

THE FOURTH ENERGY TRANSITION
FOR THE COUNTRIES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
AND THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT (p. 54)

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Soloviyanov

All-Russian Research Institute of Environmental Protection

vld. 1, bld. 4, 36 km MKAD, Moscow, 117628, Russian Federation,

e-mail: soloviyanov@mail.ru

Mikhail Isaevich Saparov

Energy Institute of G.M. Krzhizhanovsky

7, Kosinskaya str., Moscow, 111538, Russian Federation,

e-mail: saparov@eninnet.ru

Aleksandra Ruslanovna Soloviyanova

National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University"

65, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,

e-mail: all.solovianova@mail.ru

We are currently witnessing the beginning of the fourth energy transition, which envisages the widespread use of renewable energy sources and the displacement of fossil fuels. At this stage, unlike the previous three ones, the main driver is not so much the economic attractiveness of new energy sources, but a qualitatively new factor – decarbonization and the fight against global climate change. The countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union, following global trends, implement technological and economic solutions, as a result of which over the past 30 years, the consumption of coal and fuel oil has significantly decreased, and total carbon dioxide emissions have decreased by 28 %.

Keywords: energy transition; renewable energy sources; wind power plants; solar power plants; greenhouse gases.

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THE 80-TH ANNIVERSARY SINCE THE BIRTHDAY
OF MESHCHERYAKOV S.V. (p. 60)

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THE 70-TH ANNIVERSARY SINCE THE BIRTHDAY
OF TONKONOGOV B.P. (p. 61)

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF OIL AND GAS "GUBKIN UNIVERSITY"

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