Oilfield Engineering

Flooding was and still remains the most common method of oil reservoirs treatment. Experience of oil deposits development by water-flooding and its critical analysis led to the establishment of "applicability criteria" or "ideal conditions" for the method implementation. Water-flooding still remains the primary method of oil reservoirs treatment while developing reservoirs with hard-to-recover reserves, mainly related to the category of low-permeable ones. Calculation of development technological parameters using a variety of software products assumes, by default, that the injected water has certain "ideal" properties that do not affect the change of reservoir porosity and permeability and doesn’t contain suspended solids (SS), concentration and allowable dimensions of which depend on the pore channels size, and, consequently, the reservoir permeability.

This approach leads to calculation factor overestimation of the reservoir sweep and, finally, of the ultimate oil recovery factor (ORF).

Two approaches, based on the results of the laboratory studies of capillary measurements and data of concentration C (mg/l) and SS size (mm) in the injected water can be used to assess water quality impact on the development technological parameters. Various laboratory studies prove the fact that the critical value of a reservoir permeability, when even the "ideal" water cannot enter the pore channel, is 0,001…0,002 mm².

Reservoir volumes covered by flooding were identified during the first approach to determine SS maximum allowable sizes and concentrations in the injected water. In this case such parameters as absolute permeability, porosity, effective saturated thickness were taken into consideration as well. This approach allowed determining the collector’s portion involved in the process of displacement and being the effective (prospective) for water injection with the specified quality.

In the second approach is based on the same results of the laboratory studies of capillary measurements and the ratio of the pore channels sizes and SS in the injected water. The proposed method envisages specifying of the relative permeability for water, tending to zero, the cell-flow model, in which the absolute permeability takes the values equal to the minimum allowable ones for a given quality of the injected water.

Key words: flooding; suspended solids (SS); capillary measurements; oil recovery factor (ORF).

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UDC 622.276

SOME METHOD APPLIED FOR SEARCHING

OF CLUSTER PUMPING STATIONS REGARDING

TO INJECTION WELLS (р. 7)

Alexander Alexandrovich Baryshnikov,

Maxim Sergeevich Korolev,

Konstantin Konstantinovich Kurin

Tyumen State Oil and Gas University

38, Volodarskogo str., 625051, Tyumen, Russian Federation,

tel./fax: (345) 228-66-94,

e-mail: 333983@mail.ru

Dmitry Viktorovich Motorin

"TyumenNIIgiprogaz, Ltd."

2, Vorovsky str., 625019, Tyumen, Russian Federation,

tel./fax: (345) 227-40-49

This article discusses the choice of the system optimal structure and equipment characteristics which can guarantee minimum energy cost of the system operation. The methods of determination of cluster pumping stations (CPS), options for material flow are described. Some method of calculation of CPS coordinates placement by searching of the gravity center of a physical model of the distribution system is presented.

Key words: injection wells; cluster pumping station; distribution system model; organization of material flow; logistics of ground equipment placement.

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UDC 622.276.6

STIMULATION OF THE METHODS APPLIED

FOR OIL RECOVERY ENHANCEMENT (р. 15)

Igor Borisovich Fedotov,

Vladimir Konstantinovich Artyukhovich

"VolgogradNIPImorneft", an affiliate of "LUKOIL−Engineering, Ltd." in Volgograd

96, Lenin prosp., 400078, Volgograd, Russian Federation,

tel./fax: (844) 296-75-90,

е-mail: vartyuhovich@lukoilvmn.ru

Oil producing companies are not interested in increasing oil recovery of their oil fields due to increased technological and economic risks connected with introduction of the methods of oil recovery enhancement (EOR). Government support is required to make the companies interested in it. Introduction of targeted state support is only possible in case of solving the problem of classification and ordering approaches to EOR because the regulations, being in force at present, are inconsistent in definitions and terminology. The article submits some classification of the methods applied for development efficiency increase. The definition of the "method of enhanced oil recovery" term is worded. Some mechanism of flexible and prompt solution of the problems relating to tax stimulation of EOR introduction while developing oil fields is proposed.

Key words: method of enhanced oil recovery; auxiliary simulation method; basic stimulation method; government support of EOR; EOR term; classification; method of development efficiency increase; project technological document.

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UDC 622.276.63

MAPPING OF THE LEVEL OF CARBONATE ROCK SUSCEPTIBILITY

TO HYDROCLORIC ACID TREATMENT (р. 18)

V.N. Kozhin, V.V. Firsov

JSC "Samaraneftegeofizika"

21, Sportivnaya str., 443030, Samara, Russian Federation,

e-mail: sng@sngeo.ru

N.V. Fedorenko

JSC "Orenburgneft"

2, Magistralnaya str., 461040, Buzuluk, Orenburg region, Russian Federation,

tel.: (353) 237-54-02,

fax: (353) 237-52-68

A.А. Amirov, D.K. Sagitov

NPO "Neftegaztechnologia, Ltd."

96/2, Revolutsionnaya str., 450078, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation,

tel.: (347) 228-18-75,

е-mail: npo@ngt.ru

Some study aimed at revealing the factors that influence the susceptibility of the carbonate component of the oil-bearing reservoir rock to hydrochloric acid effects was conducted in order to improve the success of hydrochloric acid treatments (HAT) of wells operating in carbonate reservoirs. The study resulted in proposing a multi-staged approach to the selection of candidate wells based on carbonate content mapping, e.g. susceptibility to HAT, estimation of remaining recoverable oil reserves, current level of liquid production and impact of its change on product water cut in history. This allows making the conditions of well selection for HAT more severe, thus increasing the success level of such activities.

Key words: hydrochloric acid treatment; carbonate rocks; susceptibility.

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UDC 622.276.63

HOW TO PERFORM WELLS ACID TREATMENT AT FIELDS

WITH HARD-TO-RECOVER OIL RESERVES IN CONDITIONS OF FORMATION

OF STABLE OIL-ACID EMULSIONS (р. 21)

Natalia Anatolievna Khasanova,
Ilshat Maratovich Nasibulin,
Bulat Almazovich Baimashev

JSC "NIIneftepromchim"

29, N. Ershova str., 420061, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation,

tel.: (843) 238-01-69,

е-mail: lab103@yandex.ru

Gleb Alexeevich Perunov

JSC "Ulyanovskneft"

е-mail: perunovga@ulneft.ru

Traditional methods of treatments of a well bottom area appear low efficient at the fields with complicated geological conditions. There exist several factors that reduce the efficiency of treatments at the fields with hard-to-recover oil reserves. The factors include appearance of sludge systems, formation of a block of persistent high-viscous oil emulsion, etc. The use of the mechanisms of selection of acidic solutions, proposed in the article, allows performing cost-effective treatments of wells bottom areas. At the moment, positive results were obtained at the wells of JSC "Ulyanovskneft" confirming the feasibility of the strategy.

Key words: hard-to-recover oil reserves; acid treatment of wells; sludge-systems; emulsions; formation fluids compatibility with acid compositions.

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UDC 622.276.1/.4:552.54

SOME DIFFERENT AND SIMILAR FEATURES

OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS

OF CARBONATE COLLECTORS ALLOWING APPLICATION

OF HYDROCHLORIC-ACID TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES (р. 25)

V.N. Kozhin

JSC "Samaraneftegeofizika"

21, Sportivnaya str., 443030, Samara, Russian Federation,

e-mail: sng@sngeo.ru

N.V. Fedorenko

JSC "Orenburgneft"

2, Magistralnaya str., 461040, Buzuluk, Orenburg region, Russian Federation,

tel.: (353) 237-54-02,

fax: (353) 237-52-68

A.A. Amirov, R.Kh. Gilmanova, E.R. Mustaeva

NPO "Neftegaztechnologia, Ltd."

96/2, Revolutsionnaya str., 450078, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation,

tel.: (347) 228-18-75,

е-mail: npo@ngt.ru

Similar and different features of geological structure characteristics of carbonate collectors of T1 formation of Lower Carboniferous Tournaisian stage of Zhuravlevsky-Stepanovsky, Ibryaevsky and Sultangulovo-Zaglyadinsky fields are considered. It is shown that effectiveness of hydrochloric acid treatment decreases in low-permeable formations and in case of presence of the increased content of minerals insoluble residue in the rock matrix.

Key words: carbonate collectors; geological structure; hydrochloric acid treatments; efficiency.

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UDC 553.98.061.7

THE ROLE OF CAPS IN HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS PRESERVATION

IN SULPHATE-CARBONATE SECTION (р. 30)

T.G. Nemirovich, A.P. Vilesov, Yu.A. Butolina, K.F. Miropoltsev

"Tyumen Oil Research Center, Ltd."

42, Maxim Gorky str., 625048, Tyumen, Tyumen region, Russian Federation

L.S. Starukhin

JSC "Orenburgneft"

2, Magistralnaya str., 461040, Buzuluk, Orenburg region, Russian Federation,

tel.: (353) 237-54-02,

fax: (353) 237-52-68

The article discusses the role of caps in formation and preservation of hydrocarbon deposits in a sulfate-carbonate section. The effect of lithological heterogeneities as fluid seals on anhydrites isolating properties is shown. Some examples of misinterpretation of anhydrites isolating properties and the effect of these errors on deposits structure and oil reserves evaluation are presented.

Key words: caps (fluid seals); pseudo-cap; anhydrites; micro-fracturing; lithological heterogeneities; reservoir permeability and porosity.

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UDC 665.62:661.725

QUALITY PARAMETERS OF MONOETHYLENE GLYCOL

USED IN GLYCOL REGENERATION SYSTEMSAT OFFSHORE

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION PLATFORMS (р. 36)

S.V. Sukhoverkhov, A.N. Markin

Institute of Chemistry, FEB RAS

159, 100-letiya Vladivostok prosp., 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation,

е-mail: svs28@ich.dvo.ru

A.V. Brikov

"Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, Ltd.", Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk branch

35, Dzerzhinskogo str., 693020, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russian Federation

Analysis of mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) aqueous solution used in gas drying and MEG regeneration system was conducted by modern laboratory methods. Polyethylene glycols were detected in MEG solutions. Calculation of mass flows of main pollutants circulating in gas drying and MEG regeneration systems was conducted. Monitoring parameters and theirs quantitative characteristics were proposed for MEG aqueous solutions used in gas drying and MEG regeneration systems.

Key words: mono-ethylene glycol; high-efficient liquid chromatography; polyethylene glycol; deposits; degradation products of glycols; mono-ethylene glycol quality parameters.

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UDC 622.276.72

EXPRESS-ESTIMATION OF MINERAL PHASES CONTENT

IN MECHANICAL SOLIDS WHILE OIL PRODUCTION (р. 43)

A.V. Peskov, V.A. Olkhovskaya

Samara State Technical University

244, Molodogvardeiskaya str., 443100, Samara, Samara region Russian Federation

The results of studies of the mineralogical composition of samples of solids and salt sediments from oil wells are presented in the article. Special attention is paid to semi-quantitative method of constant coefficients, accounting of the degree of perfection of the crystal structure and ordering of the minerals, analysis of errors and limitations.

Key words: mechanical impurities; salt sediments; mineral phases; Aspect Ratio (corundum numbers).

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UDC 553.98(26)

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TAX REGIMES

OF THE ARCTIC OFFSHORE PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT

IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND RUSSIA (р. 53)

N.A. Pimenova

"LUKOIL–Engineering, Ltd."

2, Suschevsky Val str., 127055, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: (495) 983-23-94

R.V. Bazaleva

Centre for Resource Economics, RANEPA

82, Vernadsky prosp., 119571, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: (499) 956-98-72,

e-mail: bazaleva-rv@ranepa.ru

This article analyzes the taxation system of the Arctic shelf development, namely, taxes and benefits of the producing companies that they have to pay while hydrocarbons production in the Arctic seas. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the tax system basic parameters, being in force in the US, Canada, Russia and Norway, with a detailed discussion of the approach characteristic for the last two countries, providing commercial operation onf the Arctic continental shelf. The calculation of the project’s economic indicators of a conditional field development on the Arctic shelf, made by means of application of the model, built by the authors, allowed conducting quantitative evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the Arctic shelf development under the terms of the Russian and Norwegian tax systems on a concrete example as well as performing its comparison from the investor’s and the government’s position.

Key words: tax system; Arctic shelf; income tax; resource-rent tax; cost-effectiveness of the project.

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JSC "ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY"

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