Oilfield Engineering

World and domestic experience proves the reality of the phenomenon of replenishment of developed deposits resources being at the present stage of hydrocarbons migration routes. Each replenished deposit should be considered as a complex and permanently active hydrodynamic system, the intensity of which is self-healing, depending on the proximity to the source of generation and the distribution of abnormally high reservoir pressure. Replenishment of stocks in the developed deposits is much faster than previously thought, within a few years, and sometimes even during a few months and weeks. Exploitation of deposits violates steady relative equilibrium in the reservoir, raising the natural inflow of hydrocarbon fluids to compensate the value of the recovered reserves. If the recovery rate is much faster than (forced recovery) the rate of natural replenishment, the deposit is temporarily exhausted. Development of hydrocarbon renewable deposits should be planned on the basis of scientifically sound balance of hydrocarbons generation volumes and opportunities of hydrocarbons recovery in the process of fields’ exploitation with account of hydrocarbons replenishment rate. The optimal system of maintaining the balance between recovery and the natural replenishment of hydrocarbons for this type of deposits is the selection of the debit balance, ensuring the stability of the reservoir pressure at the primary level. Compliance with the critical threshold drawdown, rehabilitation periods ("refueling") and sparing the individual methods of development – the necessary conditions for long-term "life" of deposits due to the natural system restoration. To assess the resource base of renewable deposits some method of potential balance, taking into account the total amount of source rocks, the percentage of OM and its degree of transformation (HC type), the density of the rock, the parameter of HC recovery from the rock, emigration factor is proposed.

Key words: generation zone; hydrocarbons; replenishment of hydrocarbon deposits; reservoir pressure; source rock; shale; stages of formation.

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UDC 622.276.1/.4

THE STUDY OF OIL RESOURCES RECOVERY

IN CASES OF CYCLIC AND STATIONARY GAS-WATER IMPACT

ON A FORMATION (р. 17)

T.R. Vafin

CJSC "Aloil"

63, Engels str., 423930, Bavly-city, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation,

tel.: (855) 195-62-65,

fax: (855) 195-62-27,

е-mail: aloil@tatais.ru

The article studies the comparative effectiveness of gas-water stimulation of a formation in constant and cyclic modes of gas-water mixture injection. Numerical studies using the model of oil recovery process proved the fact that unsteady gas-water stimulation has a complex effect of increasing of oil recovery factor due to the growth of displacement factor by the increase of reservoir oil mobility and coverage factor due to the method cyclic recurrence.

Key words: gas-water stimulation; oil recovery; displacement factor.

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UDC 553.98; 622.276.031

STUDY OF REGULARITIES IN DISTRIBUTION AND RESERVOIR

PROPERTIES OF KASHIRSKY SUB-STAGE IN THE NORTH-EAST

OF THE VOLGA-URAL PROVINCE (р. 20)

Natalya Sergeevna Koltyrina

JSC "KamNIIKIGS"

15, Krasnoflotskaya str., 614016, Perm, Russian Federation,

tel.: (342) 244-13-03,

e-mail: natalya.koltyrina@mail.ru

Inna Anatolievna Kozlova

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

29, Komsomolsky prosp., 614990, Perm, Russian Federation,

tel./fax: (342) 219-83-67,

e-mail: ikozlova@pstu.ru

A statistical evaluation of geological and geophysical characteristics of Kashirsky sub-stage reservoir sediments based on actual data on 148 wells in the Perm region, Kirov region and the Republic of Udmurtia is carried out. For each parameter under study the histograms were constructed and analyzed and the regularities of its distribution along the area were identified. Is made Correlation analysis is performed and identified regionally relevant statistical relationships between geological and geophysical parameters, described by equations of regression are determined. The array of data to estimate the reservoirs’ volume and predicted hydrocarbon resources of Kashirsky sub-stage is prepared.

Key words: Kashyrsky sub-stage; collector; geological and geophysical parameters; statistical analysis; correlations; regional trends; normal distribution; predicted estimations.

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UDC 622.276.1/.4+550.832+552.54

GAS MEDIUM EFFECT ON THE OIL RIM DEVELOPMENT

OF Yu. KORCHAGIN FIELD (р. 27)

Nikita Vladimirovich Dorofeev,

Anatoly Vladimirovich Bochkarev,

Sergey Alexandrovich Taldykin,

Evgenia Vladimirovna Ananeva,

Elena Ivanovna Bronskova

"LUKOIL−Engineering, Ltd."

2, Suschevsky Val str., 127055, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (495) 983-22-86, 8 (495) 983-22-94,

fax: 8 (495) 983-21-41,

е-mail: LUKOIL-Engin@lukoil.com

The Jurassic parent deposits in the deepest area of the Tersko-Caspian trough are a massive source of hydrocarbon gases. It results in the gas media domination in the most of the Middle Caspian territory under the decisive influence of the gas flow along the migration routes. Natural factors determine the long-time, but consistent processes of the oil fields reformation into the condensate ones. Putting of Yu. Korchagin field into development (man-made factors) multiply expedited the implementation of the gas into the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous oil rim, the process of reducing the thickness of the oil rim, recording flow rate growth and gas production, as well as gas factor and gas-oil ratio (GOR) in favor of gas. Man-made factors comply with the natural factors and perceptions about the conditions of deposits generation. Hydrocarbon gasses (HCG) pass to a Jurassic-Cretaceous deposit from latitudinal fault identified by a number of indirect evidence as well as by the field data analysis of production wells. Before and especially after putting the field into development, the lines of equal values of the initial gas factor and GOR are turned to the system of latitudinal fault-shifts and vein-type fault-shifts feathering them according to 3D seismic survey. Zonal pre-fault regular changes of rock fracturing and dependence of wells flow-rate on their location in the specified zoning allow predicting a latitudinal zoning of reservoirs’ types in the area of faults and fault-shifts development of Yu. Korchagin field: fractured, porous-fractured, fractured-porous and porous.

Key words: parent gas potential; hydrocarbons migration; formation; reformation; oil-gas ratio; rim; gas cap; horizontal well; gas breakthrough; faults.

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UDC 622.276.6

TENDENCES AND TERMS OF TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT

OF EFFICIENCY OF OIL RECOVERY ENHANCEMENT

IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD (р. 35)

A.V. Fomkin, S.A. Zhdanov

JSC "VNIIneft" named after A.P. Krylov

10, Dmitrovsky proezd, 127422, Moscow, Russian Federation,

e-mail: jdanov@vniineft.ru

The paper analyzes the factors that determine the need for and may contribute to the active introduction of new technologies to improve the efficiency of oil fields development and EOR methods. The analysis is based on the existing domestic and foreign experience.

Key words: hard-to-recover stocks; methods of enhanced oil recovery; stimulation effectiveness; growth of oil reserves; foreign experience.

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UDC 622.276.652

THE TECHNOLOGY OF AREAL CYCLIC STEAM INJECTION

INTO HORIZONTAL WELLS WHEN DEVELOPING HIGH-VISCOUS

OIL FIELDS (р. 42)

Igor Vadimovich Sidorov

JSC "NK "Rosneft"

26/1, Sofijskaya naberezhnaya, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation,

e-mail: postman@rosneft.ru

Dmitry Alexandrovich Yuriev

LLC "Gazpromneft NTC"

Valentin Alexeevich Korotenko,

Oleg Valentinovich Fominykh

Tyumen State Oil and Gas University

38, Volodarsky str., 625000, Tyumen, Russian Federation,

e-mail: oleg-fom87@mail.ru

Despite a lot of theoretical papers and published results of various technologies effectiveness applied for development of high-viscous oil (HVO) fields, the problem of its efficient extraction from weakly-cemented collectors, lying at relatively small depths (up to 500 m), remains unsolved. It is known that hydrodynamic stimulation of a formation, including thermal stimulation, is thought as the most efficient one among the existing methods of oil recovery enhancement of high-viscous oil fields. In this regard, the article discusses the results of feasibility and experimental-industrial implementation of the technology at Katangli high-viscous oil field (Sakhalin Island) developed by LLC "RN−Sakhalinmorneftegaz".

Key words: horizontal well; areal cyclic injection; high-viscous oil.

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UDC 622.276.4+622.276.1/.4.001.57

ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL OF A FORMATION WATER

AND GAS STIMULATION (р. 46)

K.V. Kazakov

"LUKOIL−Engineering, Ltd."

2, Suschevsky Val str., 127055, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: 8 (495) 983-23-61,

e-mail: kazakov_kv@bk.ru

K.A. Bravichev

Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas

65, Leninskiy рrosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation,

e-mail: bravicheva_t_b@mail.ru

The paper presents the results of a numerical hydrodynamic simulation of simultaneous and separate injection of water and gas into oil formations with different heterogeneity. Both time-fixed and time-changed plugs volumes and injected water-gas ratio are considered by several algorithms based on the reaction of production wells. The proposed algorithms can be used for WAG implementation in conditions of geological properties uncertainty of reservoir and allow reaching either maximum or close to maximum final oil recovery.

Key words: enhanced oil recovery; water and gas stimulation (WAG); reservoir simulation; utilization of associated petroleum gas.

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UDC 622.276.66:519.24

COMBINATION OF METHODS APPLIED FOR ASSESSMENT

OF EFFICIENCY OF A FORMATION HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

BY DISCRETE AND INTEGRAL INDICATORS (р. 52)

A.S. Moroz

LLC "LUKOIL−Western Siberia"

20, Pribaltijskaya str., 628486, Kogalym, Tyumen region, Khanty-Mansi autonomous territory – Yugra, Russian Federation,

e-mail: ws@lukoil.com

A comparison of the efficiency specific indicator of a formation hydraulic fracturing, estimated by the change of wells’ monthly operational indicators (discrete values) and by displacement characteristic (integrated indicators) is carried out. It is shown that depending on the method used, the results of the efficiency estimation of the primary hydraulic fracturing may, in the average, be twice different. The estimation results are proposed to be divided into three groups: successful, pseudo-successful and absolutely negative. The change of the hydraulic fracturing success depending on the reserves recovery in the well drainage area is analyzed.

Key words: hydraulic fracturing of a formation; efficiency; reserves recovery.

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UDC 622.276

RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES OF OIL DISPLACEMENT

BY VARIOUS AGENTS (р. 54)

S.F. Mulyavin, G.V. Lozhkin

JSC "SibNIINP"

118, 50-let Oktyabrya str., 625013, Tyumen, Russian Federation,

e-mail: sibniinp@sibniinp.ru

O.V. Fominykh, A.N. Khalin

Tyumen State Oil and Gas University

38, Volodarsky str., 625000, Tyumen, Russian Federation,

e-mail: oleg-fom87@mail.ru

Oil displacement by water has a number of specific features firstly associated with low displacement factor during a single wash. Well-known technologies of other displacement agents use (gas, condensate, NGLs and others) have their advantages, but technological and technical-economic efficiency of these methods is not sufficiently substantiated. Therefore, when developing oil deposits with the aim of associated gas utilization it is possible to apply the technology WAG stimulation. This requires laboratory tests to study the influence of the working fluid composition on the displacement process efficiency. In this regard, the article presents the results of research carried out by JSC "SibNIINP" in previous years.

Key words: displacement factor; relative permeability; core analysis; gas injection; NGL; condensate; water-flooding; WAG stimulation.

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UDC 622.279; 621.51

METAL STUDY RESULTS OF ONWORN AISI 4140 STEEL RODS

OF PISTON COMPRESSORS OF NATURAL GAS (р. 57)

Maxim Vladimirovich Babenkov,

Alexander Anatolyevich Moiseev,

Alexey Alexandrovich Sapun

JSC "Safety Systems and Technologies. Techdiagnostics"

22, Yunih Lenintsev str., 460047, Orenburg, Russian Federation,

tel.: (353) 263-84-07,

fax: (353) 262-94-41,

е-mail: contact@tdiag.ru, babenkov@tdiag.ru, moiseev@tdiag.ru, sapun@tdiag.ru

The article presents the metal study results of 6HOS6 rods of piston compressors, manufactured from AISI 4140 steel by "Dresser-Rand" firm, the thread of which was damaged after an insignificant operating time, as well as the supposed causes of the damage. The following control measures, followed by the analysis of their results, were undertaken: actual control of the rods geometric dimensions, analysis of operating conditions and design, visual measurement, capillary, metallographic analysis of the metal structure, monitoring and evaluation of the geometry of the thread profile, control of metal hardness, spectral analysis of the metal chemical composition, mechanical tensile tests and impact bending, surface damage fractographic study.

It is shown that the most likely cause of the destruction of the compressor rods thread is the impact of hydrogen sulfide medium on the metal that causes embrittlement, resulting in cracking of the most loaded areas under the influence of variable loads. Recommendations to prevent impact of hydrogen sulfide medium on the metal of rods’ threads of compressors due to the replacement of "fuel" blow-down gas by the inert one, such as nitrogen, are given.

Key words: AISI 4140 steel; piston compressors; metal study; rod; thread; hydrogen sulfide.

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UDC 551.2/.3:550.3.8

ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL AND GEODYNAMIC AFTEREFFECTS

AT THE DEVELOPED OIL AND GAS FIELDS (р. 62)

A.I. Nikonov, M.K. Tupysev, E.S. Shapovalova, O.P. Yakovleva

Oil and Gas Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences (OGRI RAS)

3, Gubkin str., 119333, Moscow, Russian Federation,

e-mail: nikson59@rambler.ru

The paper discusses the problems of the change the earth surface structure in case of a large-scale sagging formation over the hydrocarbon deposits, being developed, as well as its impact on the natural and man-made natural objects of the fields’ development. Quantitative estimation of the vertical displacement of the earth's surface for the Yamburg field and the factors influencing the decline in ecological and industrial safety of the objects of oil and gas complex (NGC) is given.

Key words: modern geodynamics; extensive sagging of the earth surface; ecological and industrial safety; impact on the environment.

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JSC "ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY"

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