Oilfield Engineering

At the initial stage of a productive formation development fluid production rate of wells and, consequently, oil largely depends on the implemented water-flooding system. Despite water injection into a productive formation decrease of wells flow rates is sometimes observed. This can be caused by the fact that the water does not do its useful work for oil displacement. An unsuitable injected agent can cause a decrease of the reservoir characteristics of the producing formation, which will inevitably lead to a drop of wells productivity. By the example of Dk₃ terrigenous formation of Donetsk-Syrtovsky field it is shown that the cause of flow rates reduction is caused by the use of fresh water injection, more exactly by its chemical composition and properties. The studies on the effect of fresh water pumping on water permeability of reservoir rocks of Dkt₃ formation show that the rocks permeability during fresh water injection used for formation pressure maintenance (FPM) is subject to 82 % reduction in the average. Thus, the smaller the particle size that forms the collector is, the greater the permeability decreases. The rates of the liquid flow-rates decline also depend on the distance between production and injection wells. At the distance of more than 600 m the reduction rate exceeds 50 %, if the distances are less it makes less than 30 %. The researches proved the fact that to ensure adequate samples compensation from Dkt₃ formation by mineralized water from Irenian horizon with similar characteristics will significantly increase the efficiency of water flooding and thereby increase the volume of the oil produced. The effectiveness of the option implementation is proved by hydrodynamic calculations.

Key words: water-flooding; producing formation; injection; flow-rate; wettability; mineralization; clays swelling; surface tension; permeability.

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UDK 622.276

ANALYSIS OF MULTIPHASE FLOW PREDICTION METHODS (р. 11)

Vladimir Andreevich Vasiliev,

Tatyana Alexandrovna Gunkina,

Alena Olegovna Shesteren’

North-Caucasian Federal University, Institute of Oil and Gas

1, Pushkin str., 355009, Stavropol, Russian Federation,

tel.: (865) 239-41-71,

е-mail: shesteren@inbox.ru

A comparative analysis of multiphase flow prediction methods is carried out in the paper. The considered calculation methods are aimed at optimization of naturally flowing, gas-lift and artificial gas-lift wells operation. The results of the analysis of the most commomly-used methods included in Aspen HYSYS simulation software are presented. The following methods were used in test calculations: Aziz, Govier & Fogarasi; Beggs & Brill; Duns & Ros; HTFS, Liquid Slip; Orkiszewski; Tulsa 99. The above-mentioned methods entered Pipesim system.The method developed at Grozny Oil Institute (GOI) was taken as the basic one. This method was proved by a large number of experimental data of laboratory tests carried out by VNIIGaz and GOI and of field tests conducted at GroznNeft, KazakhstanNeft, TurkmenNeft, NizhnevolzhskNeft, KuybyshevNeft fields. A comparison of calculation methods with respect to friction factor as well as the results of calculation of relative velocity of gas at the same flow rate parameters is given in the paper. Calculations were performed for 100 mm tube inner diameter with 4,572·10⁻⁵ mm equivalent hydraulic roughness for two values of volumetric gas/liquid ratio β = 0,495 and 0,763.

Key words: multiphase flow; pressure gradient; friction factor; relative velocity of gas; true density of gas-liquid mixture.

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UDC 622.276.43

UPDATING OF WATER PUMPING TECHNOLOGY

IN INJECTION WELLS (р. 15)

Shamil Grigorievich Mingulov,

Rustem Fazylovich Yakupov

LLC "Bashneft−Dobycha", Oil and Gas Production Department "Tuimazaneft"

32, Kuvykin str., 452600, Oktyabrsky-city, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation,

tel./fax: (347) 679-38-33,

e-mail: rustem_geolog@mail.ru

Igor Yurievich Dudnikov

LLC "Bashneft−Dobycha", Oil and Gas Production Department "Ishimbaineft"

450077, Ishimbai-city, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation,

tel./fax: (347) 946-95-61,

e-mail: rustem_geolog@mail.ru

The results of the studies of viscosity index effect of the produced oil on the ratio of the content of petroleum products and mechanical impurities in the pumped water are analyzed. Prepared produced water pumped into the reservoir contains some quantity of particulate material which from both the oil phase and the mineral substance. Information, obtained from a number of units of initial water separation, allowed revealing the dependence which is characterized by the V_н/V_п = f(µ) function and is described by a linear equation with sufficiently high reliability. The detailed analysis of the operational parameters of the downhole pumping units (DPU) showed that temperature increase recorded by the telemetry system sensor at DPU discharge was noted. When using DPU, there are no petroleum products in the water injected from Sserp formation, so a comparison of injection parameters with DPU and from a water-supply well, i. e. in both cases with petroleum products absence and with similar geological-technical conditions of Sserp formation. It is noted that use of electrical submersible pumping (ESP) unit for downhole pumping of formation water into an injection well allows using the generated heat of the unit for water heating. Use of standard measurement devices proved the fact that the change of the injected water temperature at DPU discharge makes from 1,1 to 8,4 °C. The average temperature increases by 3,6 °C. The first year of the well operation using proved the fact that the temperature reduction rate is lower than that of the wells, using pumping from water-supply wells. The injection capacity reduction of wells with DPU was about 20 m³/day, while the other injection wells which didn’t use DPU the reduction made 30 m³/day in the average.

Key words: well; oil viscosity; mechanical impurities; petroleum products; downhole pumping unit; formation; water-supply well; temperature of the injected liquid; water heating; injection capacity of a well; aquifer; water treatment; clogging substances; bottomhole formation zone; electrical submersible pumping (ESP) unit; productive horizon; injection well.

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UDC 550.8.02:658.012.2

MASTER-REPORT CONCEPT ON EXPLORATION PROSPECTS

TO SUPPORT MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING (р. 18)

B.V. Georgievskiy, V.A. Bochkarev

"LUKOIL Overseas Service BV"

Dubai Properties Group Headquarters building, TECOM, P.O. Box 500551, Dubai, United Arab Emirates,

e-mail: Vitaliy.Bochkarev@lukoil-overseas.com

Compilation of integrated geological conclusion and recommendations on the next exploration steps is a key task in petroleum exploration works. This article defines the concept of master-report – a document for support of decision-making process on strategy of geological exploration works. Specificity and the main sections of the master-report are described in this article, as well relationship of multidiscipline researches and resulting geological conclusion. Taking into account the managers as target audience – evident charts and graphs are prepared during the compilation of master-report which are based on deep integrated analysis of full set of geological data and which allow to make founded decisions on planning of exploration works.

Key words: master-report; decision-making; strategy of petroleum exploration works; integrated analysis of geological data.

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UDC 622.276.66

CONDUCTING OF REPEATED HYDRAULIC FRACTURINGS

OF A FORMATION AS PROSPECTIVE TREND OF OIL PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION

AT THE LATEST STAGE OF ROMASHKINSKY FIELD DEVELOPMENT (р. 24)

R.F. Khusainov, N.A. Nazimov, N.F. Gumarov, A.R. Rakhmanov, B.G. Ganiev, M.V. Shvydenko

"Almetyevneft" Oil and Gas Production Department, PJSC "Tatneft"

35, Lenin str., 423450, Almetyevsk, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation,

e-mail: HusainovRF@almet.tatneft.ru

The paper presents the results of use of repeated hydraulic fracturing of formations at the development objects of "Almetyevneft" Oil and Gas Production Department being at the latest stage of development. The results of the conducted activities, statistical calculations and analytical conclusions of implementation of the technology of hydraulic re-fracturing of a formation are discussed. These current results prove the fact that in future hydraulic re-fracturing of a formation will become one of the key technologies of oil production intensification in "Almetyevneft" Oil and Gas Production Department against the background of covering of the main share of the wells fund by primary hydraulic fracturing.

Key words: repeated hydraulic fracturing of a formation; proppant; geometric parameters of a crack; high-permeable reservoirs; low-permeable reservoirs.

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UDC 622.276.66

APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

OF A FORMATION AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

WITH THE AIM OF RATIONAL USE OF OIL RESERVES AT OIL FIELD

OF PJSC "BELKAMNEFT" (р. 30)

I.O. Shibanov, A.L. Natarov

PJSC "Belkamneft"

100, Pastukhov str., 426004, Izhevsk, Republic of Udmurtia, Russian Federation,

e-mail: natarov@belkam.com

S.Yu. Borkhovich

Udmurt State University, M.S. Gutzeriev Institute of Oil and Gas

1, Universitetskaya str., 426034, Izhevsk, Republic of Udmurtia, Russian Federation,

e-mail: SYBorhovich@yandex.ru

The article reviews the experience of oil production enhancement by means of conducting of a hydraulic fracturing of a formation at the latest and initial stages of oil fields development. The criteria of selecting wells for conducting of a hydraulic fracturing of a formation and the reasons for not achieving the technological efficiency are determined.

Key words: oil recovery enhancement; hydraulic fracturing of a formation; technological efficiency.

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UDC 622.276.6 Пр.М

EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF TREATMENT

OF A FORMATION BOTTOM-HOLE ZONE BY MICRO-EMULSIONS

(р. 33)

Hajan Guli Hajiyev

Scientific Research Institute "Geo-technological Problems of Oil, Gas and Chemistry"

227, D. Aliev str., AZ1010, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan,

е-mail: hасаn.hacisoy@gmail.com

The article examines the problems of raising permeability of a formation bottom-hole zone by increasing the micro-emulsion stability obtained on the basis of the hydrocarbon liquid containing acids, surfactants and polymers. It is shown that both covering effect increase and the micro-emulsion stability are largely determined by the size of the components globules which are regulated by ultrasonic processing of the system. The conducted tests revealed the dependence of rheological parameters such as surface tension, structural viscosity, the velocity gradient on the ultrasonic effect. It is found that the change of the micro-emulsion structural and mechanical properties is accompanied by a significant increase in their resistance. It is also proved that pre-treatment of micro-emulsion by the vibration process in an ultrasonic frequency increases the permeability of a formation.

Key words: acid-containing micro-emulsion; micellar solution; permeability; production rate; oil saturation; viscous-elastic properties; surface tension; structural viscosity; velocity gradient.

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UDC 622.276.031:532.51(1-04).001.57

NEW APPROACH TO SIMULATION OF OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS

WITH INCLINED FLUIDAL CONTACTS (р. 35)

E.A. Mamedov

Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas

65, Leninskiy рrosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation,

е-mail: eamamedoff@gmail.com

A.V. Akhmetzyanov, A.M. Salnikov

V.A. Trapeznikov IPU RAS

65, Profsoyuznaya str., 117806, Moscow, Russian Federation,

tel.: (495) 334-89-10,

fax: 495) 334-93-40

E.S. Zakirov

Oil and Gas Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences

3, Gubkin str., 119333, Moscow, Russian Federation

The paper proposes a new algorithm for the simulation of water natural seepage in a productive formation in relation to the calculation of reserves, constructing 3D geological and hydrodynamic models and carrying out predictive calculations.

The new approach is of practical interest for those engaged in the petroleum reserves estimation and the creation of 3D geological and hydrodynamic models of productive strata for the project documentation on oil and gas fields’ development. Invalid account of natural seepage presence can lead to significant errors when predicting the performances of oil and gas fields’ development.

Key words: deposits simulation; hydrodynamic models; filtration flow; estimation of reserves; forecasting of development performances.

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UDC 622.276.8:661.725

SOME ASPECTS RELATING TO GELS FORMATION

IN GLYCOL REGENERATION SYSTEMS (р. 44)

Alexander Valerievich Brikov

"Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, Ltd.", Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Branch

35, Dzerzhinskogo str., 693020, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russian Federation,

e-mail: Alexander.Brikov@sakhalinenergy.ru

Svyatoslav Valer'evich Sukhoverkhov,

Andrey Nikolaevich Markin

Institute of Chemistry, FEB RAS

159, 100-letie of Vladivostok prosp., 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation,

е-mail: svs28@ich.dvo.ru, Andrey.N.Markine@gmail.com

General problems caused by gel formation during glycol regeneration process of oil and gas producing companies are described. It is shown that gel formation was observed in several oil and gas enterprises of oil and gas producing industry. Thus, gel formation is of general nature for oil and gas industry. Results of laboratory experiments of gel synthesis from water and glycol/water solutions of polyethylene glycols (PEG) are presented. It is shown that gel is formed from PEG solutions during chemical interactions with iron and calcium ions under the temperature of 115...140 °C during 0,8...2,5 h. Mechanism of gel formation in glycol regeneration systems is proposed. The first stage of gel formation is glycol polymerization under glycol regeneration conditions, the second stage is PEG cross-linking by metal ions. Recommendations on glycol systems operation that allow avoiding the problems caused by gel formation are submitted.

Key words: gel; polyethylene glycol; water/glycol solution; mono-ethylene glycol; glycol regeneration systems.

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UDC 556.314

CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES

OF HYDROCHEMICAL IMAGE OF FRESH UNDERGROUND WATER

AT SAMOTLOR FIELD SEPARATE SITE OF KHANTY-MANSI

AUTONOMOUS TERRITORY (р. 50)

A.L. Khramtsova, Yu.O. Rusakova, M.V. Vashurina

Scientific-Research Institute of Hydrogeology and Geo-thermometry, Tyumen State Oil and Gas University

56, apartment 303, Volodarsky str., 625000, Tyumen, Russian Federation,

e-mail: samitova_vi@mail.ru

The article highlights the results of fresh groundwater monitoring at sites (water intakes) located at the Samotlor oil field for the period from 2005 to 2015. The conditions of formation of water quality indicators are studied. The stand-alone site with some specific features of groundwater chemical composition was contoured. The prognosis of groundwater quality variations is based on the observations of hydro-geo-chemical regime of the productive formation in conditions disturbed by its operation.

Key words: monitoring; fresh groundwater; productive formation; chemical composition; formation conditions; exceeding of the rates; quality; anthropogenic influence; protection; prognosis.

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JSC "ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY"

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