ISSN 0207-2351

Scientific-technical journal

OILFIELD ENGINEERING

                                                                                                    published since 1965

January 2021                           ¹ 1 (625)                      12 issues per year

 

CONTENÒS

 

DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS-OIL FIELDS

 

Nekrasov A.S., Vilesova L.A. Application of the method of multi-factor dispersion analysis when evaluating the initial position of the oil-water contact of III D2st-ef formation in the Yarega oil deposit (p. 5‑11)

 

METHODS OF PRODUCING EFFECT ON A DEPOSIT AND RAISING OIL RECOVERY

 

Manapov T.F., Korabelnikov A.I., Velasquez R., Lara V. Downhole electrical heating dynamic model assessment in extra-heavy oil reservoir application (p. 12‑23)

 

Sharafeev R.R., Kondratev S.A., Novokreshchennykh D.V., Drozdov S.A., Rakitin E.L., Ivanov D.I., Akkuzhin A.A. Experience in propant hydraulic fracturing without a mini-frac stage (p. 24‑29)

 

Astakhova A.N., Rakhmatullin A.A., Minnullin A.G. Clarification of the mechanism for displacing viscous oil by water-gas impact under a non-stationary regime (p. 30‑32)

 

MATHEMATICAL MODELING

 

Eremyan G.A. Influence of the objective function weighting methods on the automated reservoir model history matching efficiency (p. 33‑40)

 

RESEARCH OF FORMATIONS AND WELLS

 

Zakirov D.R., Chernov E.N., Pavlov P.V., Torin S.V. Selection of optimal conditions for recombination of formation fluids samples (p. 41‑45)

 

Zubova E.N., Zhil′tsova S.V., Bykov S.E. Study of the process of formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin substances in laboratory conditions (p. 46‑49)

 

Tumanova E.S. An addition to the method of interpreting the results of laboratory studies of liquid filtration in low-permeable reservoirs (p. 50‑54)

 

TECHNIQUE AND TECHNOLOGY OF OIL PRODUCTION

 

Andreev K.V., Agupov M.A., Kadykov I.A., Ryazanova E.N. Practical application of integrated models for solving the problems of optimization of oil and gas production processes (p. 55‑57)

 

Ramazanov I.A., Isaev A.A. Experience of operating wells complicated by the presence of mechanical impurities in the well products (p. 58‑63)

 

Bakirov D.L., Ovchinnikov V.P., Fattakhov M.M., Ovchinnikov P.V., Rozhkova O.V., Babushkin E.V. Construction of multilateral (multibranch) wells with horizontal completion (p. 64‑69)

 

CORROSION AND ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION

 

Markin A.N., Dorosinsky A.Yu., Blokhin V.A., Manzhosov A.K., Brikov A.V., Markin D.A. Some words on local corrosion (p. 70‑78)

 

 

Information on the articles

 

UDC 622.276.031:532.51(1-04)ÂÍÊ          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-5-11

 

APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF MULTI-FACTOR DISPERSION ANALYSIS
 WHEN EVALUATING THE INITIAL POSITION OF THE OIL-WATER CONTACT
OF III D2st-ef FORMATION IN THE YAREGA OIL DEPOSIT (p. 5)

 

Alexander Sergeevich Nekrasov, Dr. of geol.-mineral. sci., Professor,

Lyubov Anatolievna Vilesova

 

LUKOIL−Engineering Limited PermNIPIneft Branch Office in Perm

29, Sovetskaya Armiya str., Perm, 614066, Russian Federation,

e-mail: Aleksandr.Nekrasov@pnn.lukoil.com; Ljubov.Vilesova@pnn.lukoil.com

 

The paper presents the results of studies carried out to establish the initial position of the oil-water contact (OWC) in the Eiffel layer of the Middle Devonian (D2st-ef) of the Yarega oil field. The aim of the study was to determine the surface slope of the OWC initial position and its dependence on the well location. The problem was solved by the methods of multivariate analysis of variance. Based on the results of the conducted analysis, the change in OWC marks revealed the fact that in reality there observed an increase of OWC over time in the direction from the north to south and from the west to east.

 

Keywords: oil-water contact; analysis of variance; dispersion; variation; combination of factors; Fisher F-test.

 

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UDC 622.276.656          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-12-23

 

DOWNHOLE ELECTRICAL HEATING DYNAMIC MODEL ASSESSMENT
IN EXTRA-HEAVY OIL RESERVOIR APPLICATION (p. 12)

 

Timur Fanuzovich Manapov, Dr. of tech. sci.,

Alexander Igorevich Korabelnikov, Cand. of tech. sci.,

Richard Velasquez,

 

Petrolera RN

Av. Francisco de Miranda, Centro Ceguros Sud America, Caracas 1060, Venezuela,

e-mail: TManapov@petrolera.ru; alkorabelnikov@petrolera.ru; RVelasquez@petrolera.ru

 

Victor Lara

 

Computer Modelling Group

Calle Guarico, Edif Altolar, Piso 1, 105, Colinas de Bellos Monte, Baruta, Caracas, Venezuela,

e-mail: Victor.Lara@cmgl.ca

 

The paper describes the experience of using a fully integrated 3D reservoir and discretized mechanistic wellbore simulation approach in the extra-heavy oil field (Venezuela) in order to estimate the enhance of the oil productivity index by using resistive/ohmic heating cable. The impact of downhole heating was estimated to reduce the visco-skin factor and analyze the interaction between reservoir inflow and wellbore performance. Numerical simulation of low frequency electrical heating was performed by use of thermal simulation software with a feature of a wellbore modeling tool that can couple to the reservoir model. Additionally, optimization software is used to perform the sensitivity analysis and automatic optimization studies. The heating cable simulation approach allowed evaluate the influence of wellbore heating parameters on the highly viscous extra-heavy oil behavior in the reservoir while increasing the temperature inside the wellbore. By applying wellbore calculations coupled to the reservoir simulation, it was possible to understand critical aspects of the oil and gas flow in the reservoir due to different drawdown along horizontal well section, pressure lossess along the wellbore due to friction and the general efficiency of the heating cable.

 

Keywords: extra-heavy oil; downhole electrical heating; heating cable; reservoir and well simulation; visco-skin effect; British thermal unit; near-wellbore heating; well productivity index.

 

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UDC 622.276.66          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-24-29

 

EXPERIENCE IN PROPANT HYDRAULIC FRACTURING WITHOUT A MINI-FRAC STAGE (p. 24)

 

Ramil Radifovich Sharafeev,

Sergey Anatolievich Kondratev,

Dmitry Vyacheslavovich Novokreshchennykh,

Sergey Aleksandrovich Drozdov,

Evgeny Leonidovich Rakitin,

 

LUKOIL–Engineering Limited PermNIPIneft Branch Office in Perm

3a, Permskaya str., Perm, 614015, Perm region, Russian Federation,

E-mail: Ramil.Sharafeev@pnn.lukoil.com; Sergej.Kondratiev@pnn.lukoil.com; Dmitrij.Novokreschennykh@pnn.lukoil.com; Sergej.Drozdov@pnn.lukoil.com; Evgenij.Rakitin@pnn.lukoil.com

 

Denis Igorevich Ivanov

 

LUKOIL−PERM LLC

62, Lenin str., Perm, Perm region, 614990, Russian Federation,

e-mail: Denis.I.Ivanov@lp.lukoil.com

 

Azamat Abrekovich Akkuzhin

 

LUKOIL−Komi LLC

31, Neftyanikov str., Usinsk, 169712, Komi Republic, Russian Federation,

e-mail: Azamat.Akkuzhin@lukoil.com

 

The article considers the experience of hydraulic fracturing (HF) without a mini-fracturing stage in the fields of the Perm Territory, the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Territory. Stages of hydraulic fracturing technology implementation are described, and the main defined technological parameters are reflected. The initiative to eliminate the stages of mini-hydraulic fracturing is mainly aimed at reducing the cost of hydraulic fracturing operations, while there are associated positive factors: a decrease in a formation clogging due to a decrease in the volume of injected chemical reagents, a reduction in the time required for the hydraulic fracturing operation due to the exclusion of some preparatory work related to the delivery and heating of the mixing fluid, preparing the gel, injecting mini-fracturing stage, recording the pressure drop curve and analyzing the mini-fracturing stage. The results of hydraulic fracturing in the fields of the Perm Territory, the Republic of Komi and the Nenets Autonomous Territory are considered in detail. It is proved that the technology optimization has led to a reduction in the time and cost of work while ensuring increased technological efficiency and the absence of hydraulic fracturing aftereffects.

 

Keywords: hydraulic fracturing (HF) of a formation; mini-hydraulic fracturing (HF) of a formation; clogging of a reservoir; reduction of hydraulic fracturing cost; optimization of HF technology.

 

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UDC 622.276.42          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-30-32

 

CLARIFICATION OF THE MECHANISM FOR DISPLACING VISCOUS OIL
BY WATER-GAS IMPACT UNDER A NON-STATIONARY REGIME (p. 30)

 

Anfisa Nailevna Astakhova, Cand. of tech. sci.,

Ainur Akhatovich Rakhmatullin

 

LLC NPO "Neftegaztekhnologiya"

96/2, Revolutsionnaya str., Ufa, 450078, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation,

e-mail: npongt@gmail.com

 

Andrey Gennadievich Minnullin

 

CJSC "Aloil"

63, Engels str., Bavly-city, 423930, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation,

e-mail: aloil116@mail.ru

 

The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of the mechanism of water-gas impact (WGI) on the formation during the development of carbonate reservoirs. Various combinations of technologies elements used in the displacement of viscous oil by the WGI method are considered on the example of a separate experimental site with two injection and four production wells. Based on the research results, an analytical expression of the displacement coefficient dependence on the volume of the displacing agent pumping was obtained.

 

Keywords: water-gas impact; carbonate reservoir; oil-displacing agent; displacement ratio; pumping volume.

 

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UDC 622.276:532:519.876          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-33-40

 

INFLUENCE OF THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION WEIGHTING METHODS
ON THE AUTOMATED RESERVOIR MODEL HISTORY MATCHING EFFICIENCY (p. 33)

 

Grachik Araikovich Eremyan

 

Petroleum Learning Centre of Tomsk Polytechnic University

4a, Usov str., Tomsk, 634034, Russian Federation,

e-mail: eremyanga@hw.tpu.ru

 

The article considers one of the aspects of the targeted objective function formulation for carrying out an automated history matching of hydrocarbon reservoirs geological-hydrodynamic models, namely, choice of weight coefficients. Numerical modeling of a field includes three basic stages: development of a static geological model, building it on the basis of a dynamic filtration model as well as iterative process of the developed geological-hydrodynamic model matching. To carry out history auto-matching, it is necessary to define the objective function that describes the discrepancy between simulation results and observed data. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the targeted function weighting methods on history matching efficiency based on a synthetic model of an oil reservoir to develop recommendations for setting the objective function. The novelty of the study lies in comprehensive study of three types of weighting factors and identification of conditions for their reasonable use. Based on the results of this research, recommendations were made regarding the use of objective function weighting methods in history matching of hydrocarbon reservoir models.

 

Keywords: weight coefficients; objective function; automated history matching; automated history matching of a model; optimization algorithms; history matching quality; history matching efficiency; reservoir geological-hydrodynamic simulation; oil field; numerical model.

 

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UDC 622.276          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-41-45

 

SELECTION OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR RECOMBINATION
OF FORMATION FLUIDS SAMPLES (p. 41)

 

Dmity Radikovich Zakirov, Cand. of chemical sci.,

Evgeny Nikolaevich Chernov,

Pavel Vladimirovich Pavlov,

Sergey Valerievich Torin

 

SamaraNIPIneft LLC

1, Naberezhnaya reki Samara, Samara, 443036, Russian Federation,

e-mail: ZakirovDR@samnipi.rosneft.ru

 

Currently, most of the fields in the Orenburg region are entering the final stage of development. Extraction is carried out, as a rule, by pumping. Conditions for taking representative depth samples are often missing. At the same time, it is impossible to deny the possibility of changing the properties of the fluid along the strike of the deposits, as a result of which the study of the properties of reservoir oil for each well should be carried out constantly, as new areas are drawn into its drainage zone. If it is impossible to take deep samples, as an alternative to studying deep oil samples, the preparation of recombined ones is provided. This raises the problem of choosing the conditions for recombination, which requires detailed study. Wellhead gas, especially from wells in fields that are at the final stage of development, differs markedly from gas of single separation of formation fluid. Therefore, its direct use during recombination without preliminary preparation can give unrepresentative results. This paper provides guidelines for correcting this inconsistency. In this case, it is supposed to use the results of experiments, as well as archival material on the study of deep samples.

 

Keywords: oil fields; oil; gas; depth samples; recombined samples; formation fluids; saturation pressure; gas content.

 

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UDC 622.276.72          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-46-49

 

STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF ASPHALT-RESIN-PARAFFIN SUBSTANCES
IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS (p. 46)

 

Elena Nikolaevna Zubova, Cand. of chemical sci.,

Svetlana Viktorovna Zhil′tsova,

Stanislav Evgenievich Bykov

 

LUKOIL–Engineering Limited PermNIPIneft Branch Office in Perm

29, Sovetskaya Armiya str., Perm, 614066, Perm region, Russian Federation,

e-mail: Elena.Zubova@pnn.lukoil.com

 

The paper considers the main factors influencing the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) during experiments in laboratory conditions: physical and chemical properties, temperature, time and shear rate. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and the temperature of oil saturation with paraffins of three oil samples, differing in density, was investigated. The influence of temperature on ARPD formation by the "cold finger" method and with the help of an SV-10 vibration viscometer and a BROOKFIELD DV-II + PRO rotational viscometer has been studied. The ranges of paraffins mass crystallization have been determined. Conclusions are made on the change in the composition and weight of ARPD formed under different temperature conditions (on a "cold finger" and in a bath) and sample preparation – with preliminary heating and without heating, as well as when changing the duration of the process. The influence of oil shear rate on such indicators as viscosity, shear stress and oil saturation temperature is estimated.

 

Keywords: asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD); factors influencing the formation of ARPD; physical and chemical composition of oil; oil saturation temperature; cold stick method; shear rate; shear stress; oil viscosity; mechanism for the formation of ARPD.

 

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UDC 622.276.57          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-50-54

 

AN ADDITION TO THE METHOD OF INTERPRETING THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY STUDIES
OF LIQUID FILTRATION IN LOW-PERMEABLE RESERVOIRS (p. 50)

 

Ekaterina Sergeevna Tumanova

 

LUKOIL–Engineering Limited VolgogradNIPImorneft Branch Office in Volgograd

96, Lenin prosp., Volgograd, 400078, Russian Federation,

e-mail: katya_timoxina@mail.ru

 

In recent years, more and more fields with low permeable reservoirs have been actively developed. It is known that the development of oil deposits in low-permeable reservoirs is characterized by the manifestation of abnormal properties of reservoir systems. In case of reservoir pressure small drop per a unit length, there occurred a deviation from the law of linear filtration (Darcy's law). This is clearly confirmed by the results of laboratory studies. It is established that liquid filtration starts after a certain initial pressure drop (gradient) between the input and output cross sections of the core samples. The value of the initial reservoir pressure gradient is an important technological parameter necessary for evaluating the production capacity of low-permeable reservoirs.

 

Keywords: low-permeability reservoir; laboratory experiments; nonlinear filtration; initial pressure gradient.

 

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UDC 622.276          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-55-57

 

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED MODELS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS
OF OPTIMIZATION OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION PROCESSES (p. 55)

 

Konstantin Vladimirovich Andreev,

Mikhail Andreevich Agupov,

Ilya Andreevich Kadykov,

Elena Nikolaevna Ryazanova

 

LUKOIL–Engineering Limited VolgogradNIPImorneft Branch Office in Volgograd

96, Lenin prosp., Volgograd, 400078, Russian Federation,

e-mail: Konstantin.V.Andreev@lukoil.com

 

The article overviews the practical aspects of applying integrated models for solving optimization problems. Examples of calculations related to the assessment and analysis of a well operation, assessment of the impact of the gathering and transportation system and fields development scenarios are given. Conclusions are made about the effectiveness of the application of the considered approaches.

 

Keywords: integrated model; production optimization; well performance analysis; the impact of the collection and transport systems; field development scenarios.

 

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UDC 622.276.76          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-58-63

 

EXPERIENCE OF OPERATING WELLS COMPLICATED BY THE PRESENCE
OF MECHANICAL IMPURITIES IN THE WELL PRODUCTS (p. 58)

 

Ildar Airatovich Ramazanov,

Anatoliy Andreevich Isaev, Cand. of tech. sci.

 

Sheshmaoil Management company LLC

a/ya 192, P.O. No. 8, Almetyevsk, 423458, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation,

e-mail: isaeff-oil@yandex.ru

 

Hydraulic fracturing of a formation causes its partial destruction, the subsequent operation of wells is frequently complicated by the release of solid particles (mechanical impurities) from the bottomhole, as well as by the inflow of loose proppant particles into the pump. The authors show how the occurrence of mechanical impurities in the produced fluid affects the operation of downhole installations, and the number of well maintenance operations. The paper provides information on the results of measures implemented to prevent mechanical impurities from getting into the pump, whereupon the situation with wells complicated by mechanical impurities has significantly improved.

 

Keywords: mechanical impurities; proppant; quartz; hydraulic fracturing; clogging.

 

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UDC 622.24.085.24          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-64-69

 

CONSTRUCTION OF MULTILATERAL (MULTIBRANCH) WELLS
WITH HORIZONTAL COMPLETION (p. 64)

 

Daniyar Lyabipovich Bakirov1,2, Cand. of tech. sci.,

Vasily Pavlovich Ovchinnikov2, Dr. of tech. sci., Professor,

Marsel Masalimovich Fattakhov1,

P.V. Ovchinnikov3,

O.V. Rozhkova2

Eduard Valerievich Babushkin1,2, Cand. of tech. sci.

 

1LUKOIL–Engineering Limited KogalymNIPIneft Branch Office in Tyumen

143a, Respublika str., Tyumen, 625026, Russian Federation,

e-mail: BakirovDL@tmn.lukoil.com; FattahovMM@tmn.lukoil.com

 

2Industrial University of Tyumen

38, Volodarsky str., Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation,

e-mail: ovchinnikovvp@tyuiu.ru

 

3LLC "LUKOIL–Engineering"

3s1, Pokrovskiy Boulevard, Moscow, 109028, Russian Federation

 

The paper shows that to ensure the completeness of oil recovery from low-permeable reservoirs, it is effective to use multilateral/multibranch wells with horizontal completion. The technical schemes of their implementation are analyzed and, on the example of the conditions of a number of fields in the Western Siberia, technical and technological solutions for their drilling are recommended.

 

Keywords: multilateral (multibranch) well with horizontal completion; interlayers; oil recovery; drilling; lateral branches.

 

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UDC 620.193:622.276.012.05          DOI: 10.33285/0207-2351-2021-1(625)-70-78

 

SOME WORDS ON LOCAL CORROSION (p. 70)

 

Andrey Nikolaevich Markin, Cand. of tech. sci.,

Anton Yurievich Dorosinskiy, Cand. of tech. sci.,

Vladimir Alekseevich Blokhin, Cand. of tech. sci.,

Alexander Kimovich Manzhosov, Cand. of tech. sci.,

 

Scientific and Production LLC "Sonar"

135, Ternovsky str., Penza, 440056, Russian Federation,

e-mail: akkord@sonar.penza.com.ru

 

Alexander Valerievich Brikov

 

LLC "Interchem"

10, bld. 2, Ryazansky prosp., Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation,

e-mail: info@interchem.su

 

Danila Andreevich Markin

 

Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

 

Paper reviews basic aspects of modern corrosion theory. Mechanisms of corrosion processes are described from electrochemistry point of view. The main issues and problems of current corrosion mitigation approach are raised. Solving of these issues will allow to prevent or at least significantly inhibit corrosion processes. Results of surveying of various metals for mechanism of local corrosion are provided. Practical recommendations for prevention of oilfield equipment corrosion are given.

 

Keywords: local corrosion; electrochemical corrosion; electrochemical processes; oilfield equipment; electrode; galvanic couple; corrosion theory.

 

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF OIL AND GAS "GUBKIN UNIVERSITY"

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